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MINI REVIEW article
Front. Ophthalmol.
Sec. Inflammatory Eye Diseases
Volume 5 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fopht.2025.1525868
This article is part of the Research Topic Beyond Boundaries: A Multidisciplinary Journey into Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis View all articles
The Evolving Role of Ciclosporin in the Management of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Provisionally accepted- 1 Barking, Havering And Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Romford, United Kingdom
- 2 National Health Service, Leeds, United Kingdom
In the spectrum of allergic eye disease, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is classed as one of the most severe disease entities and can have profound effects on visual development as well as on the emotional and psychological well-being of afflicted children. The traditional mainstay of treatment for the condition, to control the ocular inflammation, has been steroids but the use of these drugs has not been without side effects. Ciclosporin offers an alternative to steroids, providing symptom relief and control of the ocular inflammation whilst averting the problems associated with raised intraocular pressure, cataract formation, and reactivation of herpes simplex keratitis, all recognised side effects of topical steroids. However, the journey to the development of a formulation of an unpreserved ciclosporin for use in human eyes has been a protracted one; the aim of this article is to outline this journey and the role of ciclosporin in the modern management of this debilitating disease.
Keywords: Ciclosporin, Cyclosporine, Keratoconjunctivitis, VKC, Ophthalmology, Eye, pediatric
Received: 10 Nov 2024; Accepted: 19 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Kanda and Manzouri. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Bita Manzouri, National Health Service, Leeds, United Kingdom
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