Research and progress of microRNA-136 in metastatic tumors Author Names

ZIxiong Chen ¹ Chenwen Wang ^1* Jang Wang ^2* Wei Zhou ^1*

• ¹ Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hebei Province, China
• ² Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

Background: MiR-136 is abnormally expressed in many types of metastatic tumours and is closely associated with tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis, indicating its important role in tumour development and progression. This review summarises current knowledge regarding miR-136's molecular mechanisms, functional roles, and impact on chemotherapy in different human cancers.Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science using "miR-136" and "metastatic tumours" as English keywords, and in CNKI and Wanfang databases using the same terms in Chinese. Studies related to miR-136 research in metastatic tumours and high-quality evidence from similar studies were included.Meta-analyses, dissertations, conference papers, low-quality articles, unavailable fulltext articles, and republished articles were excluded.Results: This review synthesises the current understanding of miR-136's role in various cancers, including osteosarcoma, gastric cancer, gallbladder cancer, oesophageal cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, glioma, and thyroid cancer. miR-136 acts as a tumour suppressor by targeting various genes, including MTDH, PTEN, MAP2K4, MUC1, LRH-1, MIEN1, RASAL2, CYR61, and KLF7. It influences multiple signalling pathways, including the ERK/mitogen-activated protein kinase, Wnt/β-catenin, Ha-Ras, PI3K/Akt, Aurora-A kinase, nuclear factor-κB, and JNK pathways. Furthermore, miR-136 is involved in chemoresistance by modulating ROCK1, PPP2R2A, and the miR-136-Notch3 signalling axis.Conclusions: MiR-136 demonstrates promising potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in various human cancers. Further research is needed to fully elucidate its complex roles in cancer development, progression, and drug resistance, particularly regarding its potential in immunotherapy.MiR-136 demonstrates promising potential as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target in various human cancers. Further research is needed to fully elucidate its complex roles in cancer development, progression, and drug resistance, particularly regarding its potential in immunotherapy.