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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Cancer Molecular Targets and Therapeutics
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1548446
This article is part of the Research Topic Advancements in Drug Development: Exploring Bi-Specific Antibodies as Promising Therapeutic Strategies in Oncology View all 3 articles

Improving CD3 bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumors using combination strategies

Provisionally accepted
Katy Lloyd Katy Lloyd 1Jim Middelburg Jim Middelburg 2,3Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs Vitalijs Ovcinnikovs 1Nora Pencheva Nora Pencheva 1Kristel Kemper Kristel Kemper 1Thorbald van Hall Thorbald van Hall 2,3*
  • 1 Genmab (Netherlands), Utrecht, Netherlands, Netherlands
  • 2 Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
  • 3 Oncode Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands, Netherlands

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    CD3 bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are emerging as an important treatment option in the arsenal of oncologists. There are numerous FDA-approved CD3 bsAbs for both hematological and solid tumors. Despite these recent advances, the success of CD3 bsAbs in solid cancer has been hampered by hurdles like limited intratumoral T cell numbers, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME), and poor memory T-cell induction. Furthermore, tumor surface antigen selection for an optimal therapeutic window and acceptable collateral damage to normal tissues is challenging. In this review, we discuss recent research investigating combination approaches aimed at improving CD3 bsAb efficacy in solid cancer.

    Keywords: antibody, CD3, bispecific Ab, Cancer, Vaccination

    Received: 19 Dec 2024; Accepted: 14 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Lloyd, Middelburg, Ovcinnikovs, Pencheva, Kemper and van Hall. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Thorbald van Hall, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, 2333, Netherlands

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.