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REVIEW article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Genitourinary Oncology
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1519428
This article is part of the Research Topic Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer View all 8 articles

Updated review on novel therapies and ongoing clinical trials for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Provisionally accepted
Brett Wiesen Brett Wiesen Hunter A Flores Hunter A Flores *Paige Hargis Paige Hargis Janet Kukreja Janet Kukreja
  • University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The treatment options for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), particularly in the setting of BCG-unresponsive disease, remain limited. We provide updates on recent, promising trials for high-risk NMIBC and newly FDA approved therapies.Several therapies with diverse mechanisms of action have shown favorable results in both BCGnaïve and BCG-unresponsive settings for NMIBC. These treatments include intravenous and intravesical immunotherapies, viral-and bacterial-based intravesical therapies, combination intravesical chemotherapy regimens, and novel methods of intravesical chemotherapy administration. Overall, the efficacy and tolerability of these emerging treatments for NMIBC appear promising, offering potential alternatives to radical cystectomy. There have also been recent FDA approvals for novel combination therapy for NMIBC which have been detailed below.

    Keywords: Non muscle invasive bladder cancer, novel therapies, clinical trials, review, BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin)

    Received: 29 Oct 2024; Accepted: 30 Jan 2025.

    Copyright: © 2025 Wiesen, Flores, Hargis and Kukreja. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Hunter A Flores, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.