SYSTEMATIC REVIEW article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Head and Neck Cancer
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1512771
This article is part of the Research TopicAdvanced Head and Neck Cancer: from Organ Preservation Strategies to extended resections and reconstructionView all 9 articles
Endoscopic surgery Versus Various Open Approaches in Esthesioneuroblastoma: A systematic Review of the Literature
Provisionally accepted
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Objective. Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is treated using several open surgery (OpS) methods, with or without endoscopic assistance (±E-ass) or endoscopic surgery (ES). This systematic review compared the results with various approaches using OpS±E-ass and ES.Data Sources. A systematic PubMed/Medline search was conducted for the period 1990–2023.Review Methods. Keywords were “esthesioneuroblastoma” or “olfactory neuroblastoma” and “surgery,” “surgical,” “resection,” “approach,” “open,” “endoscopic.” Studies/case-series and case reports were included. Results with OpS±E-ass (stratified into various approaches) were compared with ES results. Parameters assessed were: follow-up period, frequencies of advanced tumor stages, Hyams-grade III–IV tumors, negative margins/gross total resection, postoperative complication rates, preoperative/postoperative radiation therapy /chemotherapy, primary tumor progression, and frequency of/time to first recurrence.Results. 88 studies/case-series or single cases/case reports (SC/CR) with results after OpS±E-ass (850 cases) and 84 with results after ES (584 cases) were included. Compared with OpS±E-ass, after ES the average follow-up was significantly shorter (P=0.048) and mean crude disease-free survival (DFS) significantly better (studies/case-series P=0.0001, SC/CR P=0.001). Compared with OPS±E-ass, after ES significantly fewer advanced tumors were treated (studies/case-series P=0.0001; SC/CR P=0.001), negative margins were significantly less frequent (studies/case-series P=0.009), surgical complications less frequent (studies/case-series P=0.022), less radiation therapy (studies/case-series p=0.043) and/or chemotherapy (SC/CR P=0.022) was performed, and recurrences were noted significantly less often (studies/case-series P=0.0001, SC/CR P=0.034). Among OpS±E-ass, craniofacial resection ±E-ass showed most significant differences from ES.Conclusions. These data support that ES can be regarded as the surgical method of first choice in less advanced ENB, but may also a good choice in carefully selected advanced ENB.
Keywords: endoscopic, transcranial, Craniofacial, Transfacial, open, Surgery, Esthesioneuroblastoma, olfactorius neuroblastoma
Received: 17 Oct 2024; Accepted: 22 Apr 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Koch, Balk, Schlaffer, Allner, Iro and Mueller. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence: Michael Koch, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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