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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Breast Cancer
Volume 15 - 2025 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1417858
This article is part of the Research Topic Multidisciplinary and Personalized Approach in the Treatment of Advanced Breast Cancer View all 20 articles
A nomogram for predicting subsequent liver metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Provisionally accepted- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
Background: To investigate the clinical characteristics of liver metastasis from metastatic breast cancer and construct a competing risk nomogram for predicting the probability of liver metastasis.:Clinical data of patients with metastatic breast cancer from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute during 2008-2018 were retrospectively collected. Independent prognostic factors were assessed by the Fine-Gray competing risk model. A competing risk nomogram was constructed by integrating those independent prognostic factors and evaluated with concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves.Results: A total of 1406 patients were retrospectively analyzed, and randomly divided into the training set (n=986) and the validation set (n=420). Multivariate analysis showed that menopausal status, HER-2 status, bone metastasis and lung metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors in the nomogram. The C-index in the training set was 0.719 (95% CI: 0.706-0.732), and in the validation set was 0.740 (95% CI: 0.720-0.732). The calibration curves in the training set and validation set showed that the nomogram had a sufficient level of calibration. A risk stratification was further established to divide all the patients into three prognostic groups.We had developed a tool that can predict subsequent liver metastasis from metastatic breast cancer, which may be useful for identifying the patients at risk of liver metastasis and guiding the individualized treatment. It had been verified that the nomogram has good discrimination and calibration, and had certain potential clinical value. This nomogram can be used to screen patients with low, intermediate and high risk of liver metastasis from metastatic breast cancer, so as to develop a more complete follow-up plan.
Keywords: liver metastasis, metastatic breast cancer, nomogram, the Fine-Gray competing risk model, risk prediction
Received: 15 Apr 2024; Accepted: 18 Mar 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Liu, Zhao, Jia, Zhang and Tong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Li Zhang, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
Zhongsheng Tong, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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