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CASE REPORT article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Gastrointestinal Cancers: Colorectal Cancer
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1474536
This article is part of the Research Topic The Immune Infiltrate as a Paradigm Model to Study the Biology and Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Sarcomas, volume II View all articles

Perianal Leiomyosarcoma as a Rare Sequela of Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy: A Case report

Provisionally accepted
Chaopeng Chen Chaopeng Chen 1Wenping Cai Wenping Cai 2Yujiao Li Yujiao Li 3Junqi Ren Junqi Ren 3Zhibin Xu Zhibin Xu 4Lijuan Pang Lijuan Pang 2Weiping Dai Weiping Dai 1*
  • 1 Central Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Nongken, Zhanjiang, China
  • 2 Central People’s Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
  • 3 Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
  • 4 First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Radiation-induced sarcomas (RIS) are iatrogenic malignancies that arise following high-dose radiotherapy, posing a significant clinical challenge due to their poor prognosis and resistance to conventional treatments. The incidence of RIS is increasing with advancements in radiotherapy techniques. This report presents a case of a 71-year-old male diagnosed with stage III rectal adenocarcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative surgery. Three years postoperatively, he developed a low-grade radiation-induced leiomyosarcoma in the perianal region. Histopathological examination confirmed a spindle cell neoplasm with notable immunohistochemical markers. RIS often presents as aggressive high-grade tumors resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, necessitating surgical resection as the primary treatment. This case underscores the importance of long-term surveillance post-radiotherapy and highlights the need for innovative therapeutic strategies, including immunotherapy. Despite being rare, RIS poses a significant risk following cancer treatment, making early detection through vigilant monitoring and advancements in therapeutic approaches crucial for improving patient outcomes.

    Keywords: Radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS), Rectal adenocarcinoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, Pathological diagnosis

    Received: 01 Aug 2024; Accepted: 15 Oct 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Chen, Cai, Li, Ren, Xu, Pang and Dai. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Weiping Dai, Central Hospital of Guangdong Provincial Nongken, Zhanjiang, China

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