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MINI REVIEW article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Cancer Metabolism
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1461128

The role of nutrition and gut microbiome in the progression of multiple myeloma and its precursor disease

Provisionally accepted
Panagiotis T. Kanellos Panagiotis T. Kanellos 1Georgios K. Baxevanis Georgios K. Baxevanis 1Anastasios Tentolouris Anastasios Tentolouris 1Maria Gavriatopoulou Maria Gavriatopoulou 2Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos 2*
  • 1 First Department of Propaedeutic and Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  • 2 Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, characterized by unregulated monoclonal proliferation in the bone marrow.Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) are premalignant conditions that can progress to MM.Identifying etiological risk factors for MM and its precursor diseases is crucial for prevention. Obesity, diet, vitamin D levels, and gut microbiota alterations have been identified as lifestyle factors affecting MM and MGUS risk. Upon disease onset, treatment strategies aim to reduce disease burden, enhance prognosis, and optimize patients' quality of life. Nutrition and body weight have been shown to affect disease progression and treatment outcomes. MM patients often present with vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate deficiencies, which worsen disease prognosis. High body mass index is linked to increased death rates among MM patients and an increased risk of MGUS transformation to MM. Gut microbiota has also been associated with disease progression and response to treatment. This literature review aims to summarize the available evidence regarding the impact of nutrition and nutritional status on MM patients beyond prevention, highlighting the significance of gut microbiome and dysbiosis in MM progression.

    Keywords: Multiple Myeloma, Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance, Obesity, nutrition, gut microbiome

    Received: 07 Jul 2024; Accepted: 27 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Kanellos, Baxevanis, Tentolouris, Gavriatopoulou and Ntanasis-Stathopoulos. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.