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REVIEW article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Genitourinary Oncology
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1438297
This article is part of the Research Topic Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer View all articles

Clinical Insights into Nanomedicine and Biosafety: Advanced Therapeutic Approaches for Common Urological Cancers

Provisionally accepted
Mohammad Reza Fattahi Mohammad Reza Fattahi 1Mansoureh Dehghani Mansoureh Dehghani 2Somayyeh Paknahad Somayyeh Paknahad 3Shafa Rahiminia Shafa Rahiminia 4Deniz Zareie Deniz Zareie 5Behzad Hoseini Behzad Hoseini 6Tahmineh Rajaee Oroomi Tahmineh Rajaee Oroomi 7Hossein Motedayyen Hossein Motedayyen 8*Reza Arefnezhad Reza Arefnezhad 9
  • 1 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  • 2 Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
  • 3 Iranian Legal Medicine Organization, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
  • 4 Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
  • 5 Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahrood, Semnan, Iran
  • 6 Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
  • 7 Islamic Azad University, East Tehran, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  • 8 Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  • 9 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Urological cancers including those of the prostate, bladder, and kidney, are prevalent and often lethal malignancies besides other less common ones like testicular and penile cancers. Current treatments have major limitations like side effects, recurrence, resistance, high costs, and poor quality of life. Nanotechnology offers promising solutions through enhanced diagnostic accuracy, targeted drug delivery, controlled release, and multimodal imaging. This review reflects clinical challenges and nanomedical advances across major urological cancers. In prostate cancer, nanoparticles improve delineation and radiosensitization in radiation therapy, enable fluorescent guidance in surgery, and enhance chemotherapy penetration in metastatic disease. Nanoparticles also overcome bladder permeability barriers to increase the residence time of intravesical therapy and chemotherapy agents. In renal cancer, nanocarriers potentiate tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy while gene vectors and zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrate antiproliferative effects. Across modalities, urological applications of nanomedicine include polymeric, liposomal, and metal nanoparticles for targeted therapy, prodrug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and thermal ablation. Biosafety assessments reveal favorable profiles but clinical translation remains limited, necessitating further trials. In conclusion, nanotechnology holds significant potential for earlier detection, precise intervention, and tailored treatment of urological malignancies, warranting expanded research to transform patient outcomes.

    Keywords: Nanomedicine, nanoparticle, Urology, Cancer, Treatment, clinical, biosafety

    Received: 25 May 2024; Accepted: 29 Jul 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Fattahi, Dehghani, Paknahad, Rahiminia, Zareie, Hoseini, Rajaee Oroomi, Motedayyen and Arefnezhad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Hossein Motedayyen, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.