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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1419310
This article is part of the Research Topic New potential biomarkers and cellular strategies for the study of prostate cancer and testicular cancer cells View all articles

Associations Between Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) Score, Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen, and Mortality Among Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals Without Prostate Cancer

Provisionally accepted
Zhaoyang Chen Zhaoyang Chen 1Yuanfeng Zhang Yuanfeng Zhang 2Mingjiang Dan Mingjiang Dan 3Xuwei Hong Xuwei Hong 2Si Chen Si Chen 4Xiaojian Zhong Xiaojian Zhong 1*
  • 1 the Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China
  • 2 Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
  • 3 Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
  • 4 First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    The association between the Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet (HALP) score and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and all-cause mortality remains underexplored. We aimed to investigate the relationship between HALP score and these outcomes among middle-aged and elderly individuals without prostate cancer (PCa).This cross-sectional study included participants aged 40 years and older from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2010. HALP score was calculated using the formula: HALP score = (Hemoglobin × Albumin × Lymphocytes) / Platelets. High PSA level was defined as a percentage free PSA (%fPSA) less than or equal to 25% and a total PSA (tPSA) level equal to or higher than 4.0 ng/mL. Mortality data were obtained through December 30, 2019 by linking to the National Death Index.Results: Among 7,334 participants, 6,826 were classified as having low PSA level, while 508 were categorized as having high PSA level. Logistic regression revealed lower odds of high PSA level with higher HALP quartiles (Ptrend<0.001). Among 508 participants with high PSA level, over a median follow-up period of 10.13 years (IQR: 5.42-13.17 years), a total of 268 all-cause deaths were recorded. Cox regression analysis showed that participants in the highest HALP quartile had the lowest risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.527, 95% CI: 0.368-0.754) in participants with high PSA level. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a non-linear and negative correlation between HALP score and all-cause mortality, with an inflection point at 43.98 (P for non-linearity = 0.009).Random survival forest analysis ranked HALP score as the most significant predictor for all-cause mortality.Our study highlights that the HALP score the HALP score is associated with high PSA level and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly individuals without PCa. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

    Keywords: HALP score, prostate cancer, Mortality, PSA, NHANES

    Received: 22 Apr 2024; Accepted: 02 Sep 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Chen, Zhang, Dan, Hong, Chen and Zhong. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Xiaojian Zhong, the Affiliated Shunde Hospital of Jinan University, Foshan, China

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