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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Thoracic Oncology
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1403344
This article is part of the Research Topic Advances in the Management of Lung Cancer: From the Bench to the Bedside and Back View all 3 articles

Association between smoking status and the prognosis of brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Provisionally accepted
Xiaofang Zhang Xiaofang Zhang 1Weilin Zeng Weilin Zeng 1Xingyu Yan Xingyu Yan 2Zheng Wang Zheng Wang 3Ke Xu Ke Xu 4Mo Li Mo Li 4Tianlu Wang Tianlu Wang 1*Yingqiu Song Yingqiu Song 1*
  • 1 Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
  • 2 China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
  • 3 Department of Cerebral Sugery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, China
  • 4 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, China

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationship between smoking status and the interval to brain metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its impact on survival time after brain metastasis.Methods: Data were collected from patients with NSCLC with brain metastases who were treated at our centre between January 2005 and December 2017. Clinical indices such as clinicopathological features and smoking status were recorded, and patients were followed up until 1 September 2022. Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 461 patients were analysed and matched using 1:1 propensity score matching. Three balanced groups were formed: non-smoking (n = 113), smoking cessation (n = 113), and smoking (n = 113). The interval to brain metastasis and overall survival were compared between the groups.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the interval to brain metastasis between the non-smoking and smoking cessation groups (p = 0.001), as well as between the non-smoking and smoking groups (p < 0.001). However, the difference between the smoking cessation and smoking groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.106). Multivariate and univariate analyses identified smoking status, clinical stage, lung cancer surgery, chemotherapy, and chest radiotherapy as independent predictors of the interval to brain metastasis. Additionally, the multivariate analysis showed that smoking status, driver gene mutations, and chest radiotherapy independently influenced survival after brain metastasis.Smoking status in patients with NSCLC affects the interval to brain metastasis and survival after brain metastasis.

    Keywords: smoking status, Non-small cell lung cancer, brain metastasis, Interval time, survival time

    Received: 15 Apr 2024; Accepted: 26 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Zhang, Zeng, Yan, Wang, Xu, Li, Wang and Song. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence:
    Tianlu Wang, Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
    Yingqiu Song, Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.