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REVIEW article

Front. Oncol.
Sec. Molecular and Cellular Oncology
Volume 14 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1394292

Castration-resistant prostate cancer monitoring by cell-free circulating biomarkers

Provisionally accepted
Eva Chrenková Eva Chrenková 1Hana Študentová Hana Študentová 2Kateřina Holá Kateřina Holá 2Zuzana Kahounová Zuzana Kahounová 3Romana Hendrychová Romana Hendrychová 1Karel Souček Karel Souček 3Jan Bouchal Jan Bouchal 1*
  • 1 Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
  • 2 Department of Oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
  • 3 Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Olomouc, Czechia

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer-related deaths in Western countries, which is predominantly attributed to the metastatic castration-resistant stage of the disease (CRPC). There is an urgent need for better prognostic and predictive biomarkers, particularly for androgen receptor targeted agents and taxanes. Methods: We have searched the PubMed database for original articles and meta-analyses providing information on blood-based markers for castration-resistant prostate cancer monitoring, risk group stratification and prediction of therapy response. Results: The molecular markers are discussed along with the standard clinical parameters, such as prostate specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase or C-reactive protein.Androgen receptor (AR) alterations are commonly associated with progression to CRPC. These include amplification of AR and its enhancer, point mutations and splice variants. Among DNA methylations, a novel 5-hydroxymethylcytosine activation marker of TOP2A and EZH2 has been identified for the aggressive disease. miRNA-375 is currently the most promising candidate among non-coding RNAs and sphingolipid analysis has recently emerged as a novel approach. Conclusions: The promising biomarkers have the potential to improve the care of metastatic prostate cancer patients, however, they need further validation for routine implementation.

    Keywords: castration-resistant prostate cancer, liquid biopsy, biomarker, Progression monitoring, Therapy response

    Received: 01 Mar 2024; Accepted: 23 Aug 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Chrenková, Študentová, Holá, Kahounová, Hendrychová, Souček and Bouchal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Jan Bouchal, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 775 15, Olomouc, Czechia

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.