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REVIEW article
Front. Oncol.
Sec. Molecular and Cellular Oncology
Volume 14 - 2024 |
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1394292
Castration-resistant prostate cancer monitoring by cell-free circulating biomarkers
Provisionally accepted- 1 Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- 2 Department of Oncology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- 3 Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Olomouc, Czechia
Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of male cancer-related deaths in Western countries, which is predominantly attributed to the metastatic castration-resistant stage of the disease (CRPC). There is an urgent need for better prognostic and predictive biomarkers, particularly for androgen receptor targeted agents and taxanes. Methods: We have searched the PubMed database for original articles and meta-analyses providing information on blood-based markers for castration-resistant prostate cancer monitoring, risk group stratification and prediction of therapy response. Results: The molecular markers are discussed along with the standard clinical parameters, such as prostate specific antigen, lactate dehydrogenase or C-reactive protein.Androgen receptor (AR) alterations are commonly associated with progression to CRPC. These include amplification of AR and its enhancer, point mutations and splice variants. Among DNA methylations, a novel 5-hydroxymethylcytosine activation marker of TOP2A and EZH2 has been identified for the aggressive disease. miRNA-375 is currently the most promising candidate among non-coding RNAs and sphingolipid analysis has recently emerged as a novel approach. Conclusions: The promising biomarkers have the potential to improve the care of metastatic prostate cancer patients, however, they need further validation for routine implementation.
Keywords: castration-resistant prostate cancer, liquid biopsy, biomarker, Progression monitoring, Therapy response
Received: 01 Mar 2024; Accepted: 23 Aug 2024.
Copyright: © 2024 Chrenková, Študentová, Holá, Kahounová, Hendrychová, Souček and Bouchal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Jan Bouchal, Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, 775 15, Olomouc, Czechia
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