AUTHOR=Zhou Qiuxi , He Qiao , Peng Ling , Huang Yecai , Li Kexun , Liu Kun , Li Da , Zhao Jing , Sun Kairong , Li Aoshuang , He Wenwu 

TITLE=Preoperative diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules with a novel hematological index model based on circulating tumor cells

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=13

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2023.1150539

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2023.1150539

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>Preoperative noninvasive diagnosis of the benign or malignant solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) is still important and difficult for clinical decisions and treatment. This study aimed to assist in the preoperative diagnosis of benign or malignant SPN using blood biomarkers.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 286 patients were recruited for this study. The serum FR<sup>+</sup>CTC, TK1, TP, TPS, ALB, Pre-ALB, ProGRP, CYFRA21-1, NSE, CA50, CA199, and CA242 were detected and analyzed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In the univariate analysis, age, FR<sup>+</sup>CTC, TK1, CA50, CA19.9, CA242, ProGRP, NSE, CYFRA21-1, and TPS showed the statistical significance of a correlation with malignant SPNs (<italic>P &lt;</italic>0.05). The highest performing biomarker is FR<sup>+</sup>CTC (odd ratio [OR], 4.47; 95% CI: 2.57–7.89; <italic>P &lt;</italic>0.001). The multivariate analysis identified that age (OR, 2.69; 95% CI: 1.34–5.59, <italic>P</italic> = 0.006), FR<sup>+</sup>CTC (OR, 6.26; 95% CI: 3.09–13.37, <italic>P</italic> &lt;0.001), TK1 (OR, 4.82; 95% CI: 2.4–10.27<italic>, P</italic> &lt;0.001), and NSE (OR, 2.06; 95% CI: 1.07–4.06, <italic>P</italic> = 0.033) are independent predictors. A prediction model based on age, FR<sup>+</sup>CTC, TK1, CA50, CA242, ProGRP, NSE, and TPS was developed and presented as a nomogram, with a sensitivity of 71.1% and a specificity of 81.3%, and the AUC was 0.826 (95% CI: 0.768–0.884).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The novel prediction model based on FR<sup>+</sup>CTC showed much stronger performance than any single biomarker, and it can assist in predicting benign or malignant SPNs.</p></sec>