AUTHOR=Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , GBD 2019 NAME Prostate Cancer Collaborators , Amini Erfan , Mokdad Ali H. , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Naghavi Mohsen , Larijani Bagher , Farzadfar Farshad , Abbasi Behzad , Abidi Hassan , Abu-Gharbieh Eman , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Ahmad Araz Ramazan , Ahmad Sajjad , Ahmadi Ali , Ahmadi Sepideh , Ahmed Haroon , Akbarzadeh-Khiavi Mostafa , Akhavizadegan Hamed , Hamad Hanadi Al , Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji , Alimohamadi Yousef , Aljunid Syed Mohamed , Almidani Omar , Arabloo Jalal , Arab-Zozani Morteza , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin , Azadnajafabad Sina , Jafari Amirhossein Azari , Baghcheghi Nayereh , Bagheri Nader , Bagherieh Sara , Batiha Abdul-Monim Mohammad , Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth , Bijani Ali , Butt Nadeem Shafique , Soltani Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh , Daryani Ahmad , Dianatinasab Mostafa , Sayed Iman El , Elhadi Muhammed , Fatehizadeh Ali , Fereidoonnezhad Masood , Foroutan Masoud , Gholamalizadeh Maryam , Goleij Pouya , Golitaleb Mohamad , Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen , Hafezi-Nejad Nima , Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Hamidi Samer , Haque Shafiul , Hayat Khezar , Hosseini Mohammad-Salar , Househ Mowafa , Jamshidi Elham , Mamaghani Amirreza Javadi , Joukar Farahnaz , Kabir Ali , Kalhor Rohollah , Karimi Amirali , Khader Yousef Saleh , Khanali Javad , Kiani Behzad , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Livani Somayeh , Madadizadeh Farzan , Mafi Ahmad R. , Mahmoodpoor Ata , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Malekzadeh Reza , Malik Ahmad Azam , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Maroufi Seyed Farzad , Nasab Entezar Mehrabi , Mirmoeeni Seyyedmohammadsadeq , Mohammad Yousef , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Mohammadi Saeed , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Momtazmanesh Sara , Moradzadeh Rahmatollah , Moraga Paula , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Natto Zuhair S. , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Noori Maryam , Nowroozi Ali , Okati-Aliabad Hassan , Pakzad Reza , Piracha Zahra Zahid , Pottoo Faheem Hyder , Rafiei Alireza , Rahmanian Vahid , Rashidi Mahsa , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Razeghinia Mohammad Sadegh , Rezaeian Mohsen , Saeed Umar , Sahebazzamani Maryam , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Samy Abdallah M. , Saqib Muhammad Arif Nadeem , Sathian Brijesh , Sepanlou Sadaf G. , Shahabi Saeed , Shaikh Masood Ali , Sheikhbahaei Sara , Shirkoohi Reza , Shobeiri Parnian , Suleman Muhammad , Tiyuri Amir , Ullah Irfan , Vakhshiteh Faezeh , Tahbaz Sahel Valadan , Jabbari Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh , Yazdanpanah Fereshteh , Yuce Deniz , Zahir Mazyar , Zamanian Maryam , Zare Iman , Zoladl Mohammad TITLE=The burden of prostate cancer in North Africa and Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.961086 DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.961086 ISSN=2234-943X ABSTRACT=Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This study presents estimates of PCa prevalence, incidence, death, years-of-life-lost (YLLs), years-lived-with-disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the burden attributable to smoking during 1990-2019 in North Africa and Middle East using data of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019.

Methods

This study is a part of GBD 2019. Using vital registration and cancer registry data, the estimates on PCa burden were modeled. Risk factor analysis was performed through the six-step conceptual framework of Comparative Risk Assessment.

Results

The age-standardized rates (95% UI) of PCa incidence, prevalence, and death in 2019 were 23.7 (18.5-27.9), 161.1 (126.6-187.6), and 11.7 (9.4-13.9) per 100,000 population. While PCa incidence and prevalence increased by 77% and 144% during 1990-2019, respectively, the death rate stagnated. Of the 397% increase in PCa new cases, 234% was due to a rise in the age-specific incidence rate, 79% due to population growth, and 84% due to population aging. The YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of PCa increased by 2% (-11.8-23.1), 108% (75.5-155.1), and 6% (-8.9-28.1). The death rate and DALYs rate attributable to smoking have decreased 12% and 10%, respectively. The DALYs rate attributable to smoking was 37.4 (15.9-67.8) in Lebanon and 5.9 (2.5-10.6) in Saudi Arabia, which were the highest and lowest in the region, respectively.

Conclusions

The PCa incidence and prevalence rates increased during 1990-2019; however, the death rate stagnated. The increase in the incidence was mostly due to the rise in the age-specific incidence rate, rather than population growth or aging. The burden of PCa attributable to smoking has decreased in the past 30 years.