AUTHOR=Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Azadnajafabad Sina , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Mokdad Ali H. , Naghavi Mohsen , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher , GBD 2019 NAME Thyroid Cancer Collaborators , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Moghaddam Sahar Saeedi , Azadnajafabad Sina , Rezaei Negar , Rezaei Nazila , Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen , Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab , Abdollahzade Sina , Abu-Gharbieh Eman , Afrashteh Sima , Afzal Muhammad Sohail , Ahmad Sajjad , Ahmadi Ali , Ahmadi Sepideh , Ahmed Haroon , Ahmed Luai A , Hamad Hanadi Al , Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji , Alvand Saba , Amlashi Fazel Isapanah , Anoushirvani Ali Arash , Arabloo Jalal , Athari Seyyed Shamsadin , Azangou-Khyavy Mohammadreza , Jafari Amirhossein Azari , Bijani Ali , Sayed Iman El , Elbarazi Iffat , Elhadi Muhammed , Faris Pawan Sirwan , Farmany Abbas , Fatehizadeh Ali , Ghamari Azin , Ghamari Seyyed-Hadi , Ghashghaee Ahmad , Goleij Pouya , Golitaleb Mohamad , Haj-Mirzaian Arvin , Halwani Rabih , Hamidi Samer , Hassanipour Soheil , Househ Mowafa , Javaheri Tahereh , Khalilov Rovshan , Khan Ejaz Ahmad , Khanali Javad , Khayamzadeh Maryam , Kolahi Ali-Asghar , Koohestani Hamid Reza , Livani Somayeh , Malekpour Mohammad-Reza , Malik Ahmad Azam , Nasab Entezar Mehrabi , Mirmoeeni Seyyedmohammadsadeq , Mohammad Yousef , Mohammadi Esmaeil , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Momtazmanesh Sara , Moraga Paula , Natto Zuhair S , Noori Maryam , Nowroozi Ali , Kan Fatemeh Pashazadeh , Piracha Zahra Zahid , Rafiei Sima , Ramezanzadeh Kiana , Rashidi Mahsa , Rashidi Mohammad-Mahdi , Rawassizadeh Reza , Rezaei Nima , Rezazadeh-Khadem Sahba , Saddik Basema , Saeed Umar , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Samy Abdallah M , Saqib Muhammad Arif Nadeem , Sathian Brijesh , Shahabi Saeed , Shahin Sarvenaz , Shaker Elaheh , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Shobeiri Parnian , TaheriAbkenar Yasaman , Talaat Iman M , Ullah Irfan , Valizadeh Rohollah , Vo Bay , Yuce Deniz , Zare Iman , Tavangar Seyed Mohammad , Jamshidi Hamidreza , Mokdad Ali H , Naghavi Mohsen , Farzadfar Farshad , Larijani Bagher TITLE=Burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East 1990–2019 JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.955358 DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.955358 ISSN=2234-943X ABSTRACT=Background

Thyroid cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among cancers of the endocrine system. We aimed to describe the trends of thyroid cancer burden in North Africa and Middle East for 1990–2019.

Methods

Data on burden of thyroid cancer in North Africa and Middle East from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. Decomposition analysis was used to estimate the effects of population growth, aging, and change in incident numbers on overall change of thyroid cancer incidence. Also, we used the comparative risk assessment framework of GBD to determine the burden of thyroid cancer attributable to a high body mass index (BMI).

Results

In 2019, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of thyroid cancer were 3.5 (2.9–4) and 0.5 (0.5–0.7) per 100,000, respectively. The highest age-standardized incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rate were in Lebanon, Afghanistan, and United Arab Emirates, respectively. The ASIR of thyroid cancer in region was about 2.5 times higher among women, which had a positive association with increasing age. In 2019, the age-standardized deaths attributable to a high BMI was 16.7% of all deaths due to thyroid cancer. In 1990–2019, the overall change in thyroid cancer incident cases was a 396% increase which was mostly driven by the increase in disease-specific incidence rate (256.8%).

Conclusions

Women, the elderly above about 60 years old, and countries with a higher sociodemographic index showed higher incidence rates of thyroid cancer. Regarding our findings, it is recommended to establish preventive plans by modification in life style like weight reduction programs.