AUTHOR=Nguyen Thanh Khiem , Nguyen Ham Hoi , Nguyen Cong Long , Luong Tuan Hiep , Dinh Long Doan , Le Van Duy , Dang Kim Khue , Tran Thi Lan 

TITLE=Case report: Candidiasis of gastrojejunostomosis after pancreaticoduodenectomy: Preliminary experience from two cases

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 12 - 2022

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.888927

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.888927

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=Introduction. Invasive Candida infection, or candidiasis, especially in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is an infrequent but aggressive disease caused by Candida species. Candidiasis of gastrojejunostomosis after extensive gastrointestinal surgery may cause serious complications such as perforative peritonitis and anastomotic stenosis which requires surgical interventions.
Case presentation. 
Our two patients had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), respectively due to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreatic head. Both the patients were malnutritioned and debilitated before the surgery, and they required reoperation for postoperative Candidiasis-relevant complication.
In the first case, the patient was readmitted to the hospital with symptoms of perforative peritonitis, for which he underwent surgery and had Candida found in both gastrojejunostomosis ulcer and peritoneal fluid. In our second case, the patient was admitted to the hospital twice after the first operation and diagnosed with Candida-induced gastrojejunostomosis stenosis by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and endoscopic biopsy. Fluconazole was indicated for a two-week regimen. Blood sample withdrawn afterwards showed no evidence of fungal agents and the anastomotic stenosis responded well to treatment. However, after three weeks, he came back with cachexia and symptoms of gastrojejunostomotic stenosis. EGD showed no image of fungal agents but anastomotic stenosis due to chronic inflammatory process. The patient was then reoperated to redo his gastrojejunostomosis.
Conclusion. Candidiasis of gastrojejunostomosis after extensive gastrointestinal surgery such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a very aggressive condition that  may cause perforative peritonitis and anastomotic stenosis. However, there have been no publications on this disorder and the strategic treatment remains unknown. We hereby present a report of two cases with postoperative gastrojejunostomosis candidiasis presenting with non-specific but aggressive and early clinical symptoms.