AUTHOR=Pascale Florentina , Pelage Jean-Pierre , Wassef Michel , Ghegediban Saïda H. , Saint-Maurice Jean-Pierre , De Baere Thierry , Denys Alban , Duran Rafael , Deschamps Frédéric , Pellerin Olivier , Maeda Noboru , Laurent Alexandre , Namur Julien TITLE=Rabbit VX2 Liver Tumor Model: A Review of Clinical, Biology, Histology, and Tumor Microenvironment Characteristics JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.871829 DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.871829 ISSN=2234-943X ABSTRACT=

The rabbit VX2 is a large animal model of cancer used for decades by interventional radiologists to demonstrate the efficacy of various locoregional treatments against liver tumors. What do we know about this tumor in the new era of targeted therapy and immune-oncology? The present paper describes the current knowledge on the clinics, biology, histopathology, and tumor microenvironment of VX2 based on a literature review of 741 publications in the liver and in other organs. It reveals the resemblance with human cancer (anatomy, vascularity, angiogenic profile, drug sensitivity, immune microenvironment), the differences (etiology, growth rate, histology), and the questions still poorly explored (serum and tissue biomarkers, genomic alterations, immune checkpoint inhibitors efficacy).