AUTHOR=Yan Ningning , Guo Sanxing , Zhang Huixian , Zhang Ziheng , Shen Shujing , Li Xingya 

TITLE=BRAF-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Current Treatment Status and Future Perspective

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.863043

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.863043

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<p>V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (<italic>BRAF</italic>) kinase, which was encoded by <italic>BRAF</italic> gene, plays critical roles in cell signaling, growth, and survival. Mutations in <italic>BRAF</italic> gene will lead to cancer development and progression. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), <italic>BRAF</italic> mutations commonly occur in never-smokers, women, and aggressive histological types and accounts for 1%–2% of adenocarcinoma. Traditional chemotherapy presents limited efficacy in <italic>BRAF</italic>-mutated NSCLC patients. However, the advent of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have greatly altered the treatment pattern of NSCLC. However, ICI monotherapy presents limited activity in <italic>BRAF</italic>-mutated patients. Hence, the current standard treatment of choice for advanced NSCLC with <italic>BRAF</italic> mutations are <italic>BRAF</italic>-targeted therapy. However, intrinsic or extrinsic mechanisms of resistance to <italic>BRAF</italic>-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can emerge in patients. Hence, there are still some problems facing us regarding <italic>BRAF</italic>-mutated NSCLC. In this review, we summarized the <italic>BRAF</italic> mutation types, the diagnostic challenges that <italic>BRAF</italic> mutations present, the strategies to treatment for <italic>BRAF</italic>-mutated NSCLC, and resistance mechanisms of <italic>BRAF</italic>-targeted therapy.</p>