AUTHOR=Ma Jiachi , Zhang Chensong , Liang Wanqing , Li Lei , Du Jun , Pan Chengwu , Chen Bangling , Chen Yuzhong , Wang Yuanpeng 

TITLE=ω-3 and ω-6  Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Regulate the Proliferation, Invasion and Angiogenesis of Gastric Cancer Through COX/PGE Signaling Pathway

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=12

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.802009

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.802009

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>This study aims to investigate the effects of ω-3, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and their middle metabolites prostaglandin (PGE)2 and PGE3 on proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis formation of gastric cancer cells and to explore associated mechanism.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in gastric cancer cell lines. The effect of ω-3, ω-6, PGE2, and PGE3 on the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were measured by cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis assay <italic>in vitro</italic>. COX-2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into gastric cancer cells, and the expression of COX-2 protein was detected by Western blot. COX-2 gene silencing influencing proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis potential of gastric cancer cells was detected by WST-1, transwell chamber, and angiogenesis assay, respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>COX-2 was only expressed in MKN74 and MKN45 cells. In gastric cancer cell lines with positive COX-2 expression, ω-6 and PGE2 could significantly enhance the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells, and after transfection with COX-2 siRNA, the effects of ω-6 and PGE2 on enhancing the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells were significantly attenuated; ω-3 and PEG3 could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells. In gastric cancer cell lines with negative COX-2 expression, ω-6 and PGE2 had no significant effect on the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer; ω-3 and PGE3 could significantly inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>ω-6 PUFAs reinforce the metastatic potential of gastric cancer cells <italic>via</italic> COX-2/PGE2; ω-3 PUFAs inhibit the metastatic potential of gastric cancer <italic>via</italic> COX-1/PGE3 signaling axis.</p></sec>