AUTHOR=Ni Jing , Zhou Junjie , Long Zhangbiao , Chen Xin , Chen Xiaowen , Hong Jian , Liang Xinglin , Li Qingsheng , Xia Ruixiang , Ge Jian TITLE=Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell followed by interferon−α therapy induces durable complete remission in donor cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology VOLUME=12 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.1021786 DOI=10.3389/fonc.2022.1021786 ISSN=2234-943X ABSTRACT=

Donor cell-derived leukemia (DCL) is a special type of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Patients with DCL generally have a poor prognosis due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of donor cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia after umbilical cord blood transplantation. The patient didn’t respond to induction chemotherapy. She then received anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy and achieved MRD-negative complete remission (CR). However, MRD levels rose from negative to 0.05% at 5 months after CAR-T cell therapy. Higher MRD levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of leukemia recurrence. Afterward, preemptive interferon-α treatment was administrated to prevent disease recurrence. To date, the patient has maintained MRD-negative CR for 41 months. Our results suggested that anti-CD19 CAR-T cells followed by interferon-α therapy are effective in treating donor cell-derived acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This report provides a novel strategy for the treatment of DCL.