AUTHOR=Ferguson Sherise D. , Fomchenko Elena I. , Guerrieri Renato A. , Glitza Oliva Isabella C. 

TITLE=Challenges and Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Leptomeningeal Disease (LMD)

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2021.800053

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2021.800053

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<p>Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) is a devastating category of CNS metastasis with a very poor prognosis and limited treatment options. With maximal aggressive therapy, survival times remain short and, without treatment, prognosis is measured in weeks. Both LMD diagnosis and treatment are challenging topics within neuro-oncology. In this review, we discuss the advances in LMD diagnosis with a focus on the role of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and discuss the role of targeted and immunotherapy in LMD treatment.</p>