AUTHOR=Sun Dantong , Yan Weihua , Zhu Hua , Liu Qiaoling , Hou Helei 

TITLE=Case Report: Primary and Acquired Resistance Mechanisms of Nimotuzumab in Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Revealed by Targeted Sequencing

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.574523

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2020.574523

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<p>Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly disease with a low 5-year survival rate. Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy has been widely used in the treatment of malignancies, and chemotherapy regimens that include nimotuzumab have been confirmed to have satisfactory efficacy among esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients. However, a subpopulation of patients may develop resistance to nimotuzumab. Here, we report an advanced ESCC patient who experienced hyperprogressive disease induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors and was then treated with a chemotherapy regimen containing nimotuzumab. NGS examination of this patient demonstrated that <italic>PIK3CA</italic> mutation and a <italic>RICTOR</italic> amplification might participate in primary and acquired resistance to nimotuzumab, respectively, <italic>via</italic> the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.</p>