AUTHOR=Liu Yi , Jin Zong-rui , Huang Xing , Che Ye-cheng , Liu Qin 

TITLE=Identification of Spindle and Kinetochore-Associated Family Genes as Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Biomarkers in Pancreas Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2020.553536

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2020.553536

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Aim</title><p>The role of spindle and kinetochore-associated (SKA) genes in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has been widely studied. However, so far, the oncogenic involvement of SKA family genes in pancreatic cancer and their prognostic potential remain unknown.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Here, we carried out a meta-analysis of the differential expression of SKA genes in normal and tumor tissue. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were done to evaluate the correlation between SKA family gene expression and pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) prognosis. Joint-effect and stratified survival analysis as well as nomogram analysis were used to estimate the prognostic value of genes. The underlying regulatory and biological mechanisms were identified by Gene set enrichment analysis. Interaction between SKA prognosis-related genes and immune cell infiltration was assessed using the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource tool.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We find that <italic>SKA1–3</italic> are highly expressed in PDAC tissues relative to non-cancer tissues. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of <italic>SKA1</italic> and <italic>SKA3</italic> independently indicate poor prognosis but they are not associated with relapse-free survival. The prognostic value of <italic>SKA1</italic> and <italic>SKA3</italic> was further confirmed by the nomogram, joint-effect, and stratified survival analysis. Analysis of underlying mechanisms reveals that these genes influence cancer-related signaling pathways, kinases, miRNA, and E2F family genes. Notably, prognosis-related genes are inversely correlated with several immune cells infiltrating levels.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>We find that <italic>SKA1</italic> and <italic>SKA3</italic> expression correlates with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in PDAC, highlighting their potential as pancreatic cancer prognostic biomarkers.</p></sec>