AUTHOR=Arians Nathalie , Prigge Elena-Sophie , Nachtigall Tereza , Reuschenbach Miriam , Koerber Stefan Alexander , Debus Juergen , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Lindel Katja 

TITLE=Overexpression of p16INK4a Serves as Prognostic Marker in Squamous Cell Vulvar Cancer Patients Treated With Radiotherapy Irrespective of HPV-Status

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2019

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2019.00891

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2019.00891

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Purpose:</bold> We aimed to evaluate the impact of HPV-driven carcinogenesis on outcome in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma patients (VSCC) treated with radiotherapy.</p><p><bold>Methods and Materials:</bold> Analysis of clinical, pathological, and treatment data, HPV DNA-detection and -genotyping as well as p16<sup>INK4a</sup> immunohistochemistry were performed in 75 VSCC patients. Kaplan–Meier-method was used to estimate locoregional control (LC), Progression-free survival (PFS), and Overall Survival (OS). Univariate survival time comparisons were performed using the log-rank-test. Chi-square/Fisher exact test was used to assess correlations between HPV DNA and p16<sup>INK4a</sup> data, pathological, clinical, and treatment characteristics.</p><p><bold>Results:</bold> 23/75 (30.67%) of all women had locoregional relapse, 7/75 (9.3%) systemic recurrence, and 35/75 (46.67%) died after a median follow-up of 26.4 months. 21.3% of the tumors were HPV DNA-positive, mostly (93.75%) for the high-risk (HR) HPV type 16. 25.3% showed p16<sup>INK4a</sup>-overexpression. 17.3% showed concomitant HPV DNA- and p16<sup>INK4a</sup>-positivity (cHPPVC). Patients with p16<sup>INK4a</sup>-overexpression, irrespective of the HPV DNA status, showed significantly better PFS (5-year-PFS 69.3 vs. 39.2%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.045), LC (5-year-LC 86.7 vs. 56.7%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.033) and a strong trend for better OS (5-year-OS 75.6 vs. 43.9%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.077). Patients with cHPPVC showed a trend for better PFS (5-year-PFS 72.7 vs. 41.3%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.082) and OS (5-year-OS 81.1 vs. 45.7%, <italic>p</italic> = 0.084) but no significant benefit for LC.</p><p><bold>Conclusions:</bold> Patients with cHPPVC, indicating an etiological relevance of HPV in the respective tumors, showed a better, albeit not significant, prognosis. The sole detection of p16<sup>INK4a</sup>-overexpression is a prognostic factor for survival in vulvar cancer and indicates better prognosis after radiotherapy, independent of detection of HPV DNA. p16<sup>INK4a</sup> should be used as surrogate marker for HPV-driven carcinogenesis in vulvar cancer with caution.</p>