AUTHOR=Marques Luísa Vieira Codeço , Noronha Elda Pereira , Andrade Francianne Gomes , Santos-Bueno Filipe Vicente dos , Mansur Marcela B. , Terra-Granado Eugenia , Pombo-de-Oliveira Maria S. 

TITLE=CD44 Expression Profile Varies According to Maturational Subtypes and Molecular Profiles of Pediatric T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2018

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2018.00488

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2018.00488

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<p>CD44 is a glycoprotein expressed in leucocytes and a marker of leukemia-initiating cells, being shown to be important in the pathogenesis of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we have (i) identified the aberrant antigenic pattern of CD44 and its isoform CD44v6 in T-ALL; (ii) tested the association with different T-cell subtypes and genomic alterations; (iii) identified the impact of CD44 status in T-ALL outcome. Samples from 184 patients (123 T-ALL and 61 AML; &lt;19 years) were analyzed throughout multiparametric flow cytometry. Mutations in <italic>N/KRAS, NOTCH1, FBXW7</italic> as well as <italic>STIL-TAL1</italic> and <italic>TLX3</italic> rearrangements were detected using standard molecular techniques. CD44 expression was characterized in all T-ALL and AML cases. Compared with AML samples in which the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) was 79.1 (1–1272), T-ALL was relatively low, with MFI 43.2 (1.9–1239); CD44v6 expression was rarely found, MFI 1 (0.3-3.7). T-ALL immature subtypes (mCD3/CD1a<sup>neg</sup>) had a lower CD44 expression, MFI 57.5 (2.7–866.3), whereas mCD3/TCRγδ<sup>pos</sup> cases had higher expressions, MFI 99.9 (16.4–866.3). <italic>NOTCH1</italic><sup>mut</sup> and <italic>STIL-TAL1</italic> were associated with low CD44 expression, whereas <italic>N/KRAS</italic><sup>mut</sup> and <italic>FBXW7</italic><sup>mut</sup> cases had intermediate expression. In relation to clinical features, CD44 expression was associated with tumor infiltrations (<italic>p</italic> = 0.065). However, no association was found with initial treatment responses and overall survival prediction. Our results indicate that CD44 is aberrantly expressed in T-ALL being influenced by different genomic alterations. Unraveling this intricate mechanism is required to place CD44 as a therapeutic target in T-ALL.</p>