AUTHOR=Prindull Gregor 

TITLE=Potential Gene Interactions in the Cell Cycles of Gametes, Zygotes, Embryonic Stem Cells and the Development of Cancer

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=Volume 5 - 2015

YEAR=2015

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2015.00200

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2015.00200

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=Objectives: This review is to explore whether potential gene interactions in the cell cycles of gametes, zygotes, and embryonic stem cells are associated with the development of cancer.

Methods: MEDPILOT at the Central Library of the University of Cologne, Germany (Zentralbibliothek Köln) that covers 5,800 international medical journals and 4,300 E-journals was used to collect data. The initial searches were done in December 2012 and additional searches in October 2013 to May 2015. The search terms included “cancer development”, “gene interaction”, and “embryonic stem cells” and the time period was between 1998 and 2015. A total of 148 articles in English language only were included in this review.

Results: Transgenerational gene translation is implemented in the zygote through interactions of epigenetic isoforms of transcription factors from parental gametes, predominantly during the first two zygote cleavages. Pluripotent transcription factors may provide interacting links with mutated genes during zygote-to-embryonic stem cell switches. Translation of post-transcriptional carcinogenic genes is implemented by abnormally spliced, tumor-specific isoforms of gene-encoded mRNA/non-coding RNA variants of transcription factors employing de novo gene synthesis and neofunctionalization. Post-translationally, mutated genes are preserved in pre-neoplastic embryonic stem cell subpopulations that can give rise to overt cancer stem cells. Thus, transcription factors