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Oncol. Rev.
Sec. Oncology Reviews: Reviews
Volume 19 - 2025 |
doi: 10.3389/or.2025.1541326
Advancements and Challenges in Personalized Neoantigen-Based Cancer Vaccines
Provisionally accepted
Parminder Singh 1,2* Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib 3* Roopashree R 4* Mandeep Kaur 5* Manish Srivastava 6* Amit Barwal 7* G. V. Siva Prasad 8* Pranchal Rajput 9* Rukshar Syed 10* Gajendra Sharma 11* Sunil Kumar 12*
Muhammed Shabil 13 Sakshi Pandey 14* Manvinder Brar 15* Ganesh Bushi 16* Rachna Mehta 17* Sanjit Sah 18,19*
Prakasini Satapathy PhD, MPH 20,21 Abhay M Gaidhane 3*
Shailesh Kumar Samal 22*- 1 Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- 2 University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- 3 Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, Maharashtra, India
- 4 School of Sciences, Jain University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- 5 Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- 6 Department of Endocrinology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- 7 College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, Punjab, India
- 8 Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
- 9 Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- 10 IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- 11 New Delhi Institute of Management, New Delhi, India
- 12 Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- 13 Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (NIET), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- 14 Center for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
- 15 Chitkara University (Himachal Pradesh), Baddi, India
- 16 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
- 17 Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, Haryana, India
- 18 Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- 19 Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- 20 Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- 21 Al-Mustaqbal University College, Al-Hilla City, Iraq
- 22 Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
Advancements in personalized neoantigen-based cancer vaccines are ushering in a new era in oncology, targeting unique genetic alterations within tumors to enhance treatment precision and efficacy. Neoantigens, specific to cancer cells and absent in normal tissues, are at the heart of these vaccines, promising to direct the immune system specifically against the tumor, thereby maximizing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. The identification of neoantigens through genomic and proteomic technologies is central to developing these vaccines, allowing for the precise mapping of a tumor's mutational landscape. Despite advancements, accurately predicting which neoantigens will elicit strong immune responses remains challenging due to tumor variability and the complexity of immune system interactions. This necessitates further refinement of bioinformatics tools and predictive models. Moreover, the efficacy of these vaccines heavily depends on innovative delivery methods that enhance neoantigen presentation to the immune system. Techniques like encapsulating neoantigens in lipid nanoparticles and using viral vectors are critical for improving vaccine stability and delivery. Additionally, these vaccines contribute towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.8, promoting universal health coverage by advancing access to safe and effective cancer treatments. This review delves into the potential of neoantigen-based vaccines to transform cancer treatment, examining both revolutionary advancements and the ongoing challenges they face.
Keywords: Neoantigen-Based Vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, personalized medicine, Vaccine delivery systems, immunogenicity prediction
Received: 07 Dec 2024; Accepted: 03 Feb 2025.
Copyright: © 2025 Singh, Khatib, R, Kaur, Srivastava, Barwal, Prasad, Rajput, Syed, Sharma, Kumar, Shabil, Pandey, Brar, Bushi, Mehta, Sah, Satapathy PhD, MPH, Gaidhane and Samal. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
* Correspondence:
Parminder Singh, Saveetha Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, 442107, Maharashtra, India
Roopashree R, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bengaluru, 560 011, Karnataka, India
Mandeep Kaur, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Manish Srivastava, Department of Endocrinology, NIMS University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Amit Barwal, College of Pharmacy, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Mohali, 140307, Punjab, India
G. V. Siva Prasad, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, 531162, Andhra Pradesh, India
Pranchal Rajput, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
Rukshar Syed, IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Gajendra Sharma, New Delhi Institute of Management, New Delhi, 110062, India
Sunil Kumar, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
Sakshi Pandey, Center for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, 160 009, Punjab, India
Manvinder Brar, Chitkara University (Himachal Pradesh), Baddi, 174 103, India
Ganesh Bushi, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
Rachna Mehta, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies (MRIIRS), Faridabad, 121 004, Haryana, India
Sanjit Sah, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411 018, Maharashtra, India
Abhay M Gaidhane, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, 442107, Maharashtra, India
Shailesh Kumar Samal, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet (KI), Stockholm, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
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