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REVIEW article

Oncol. Rev.
Sec. Oncology Reviews: Reviews
Volume 18 - 2024 | doi: 10.3389/or.2024.1507942

RAGE and its ligands in breast cancer progression and metastasis

Provisionally accepted
Madalina Coser Madalina Coser 1*Bogdan Neamtu Bogdan Neamtu 2Bogdan Pop Bogdan Pop 1Calin Remus Cipaian Calin Remus Cipaian 2Maria Crisan Maria Crisan 1
  • 1 University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • 2 Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

    Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed worldwide and the leading cause of death in women globally, according to Globocan 2020. Hence, investigating novel pathways implicated in cancer progression and metastasis could lead to the development of targeted therapies and new treatment strategies in breast cancer. Recent studies reported an interplay between the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its ligands, S100 protein group, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and breast cancer growth and metastasis. Materials and methods: We used articles available in the NCBI website database PubMed to write this scoping review. The search words used were ‘RAGE receptor’ AND/OR ’breast cancer, RAGE ligands, glycation end products’. A total of 90 articles were included. We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between the RAGE rs1800624 polymorphism and breast cancer risk using fixed-effect or random-effect models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results: RAGE upon activation by its ligands enhances downstream signaling pathways, contributing to breast cancer cells migration, growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In addition, studies have shown that RAGE and its ligands influence the way breast cancer cells interact with immune cells present in the tumor microenvironment (macrophages, fibroblasts), thus regulating it to promote tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusions: Breast cancers with a high expression of RAGE are associated with poor prognosis. Targeting RAGE and its ligands impairs cell invasion and metastasis, showing promising potential for further research as potential prognostic biomarkers or targeted onco-therapeutics.

    Keywords: Rage, ages, breast cancer, S100, HMGB1, metastasis, lifestyle

    Received: 08 Oct 2024; Accepted: 10 Dec 2024.

    Copyright: © 2024 Coser, Neamtu, Pop, Cipaian and Crisan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

    * Correspondence: Madalina Coser, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

    Disclaimer: All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.