AUTHOR=Liu Zi-yue , Liu Sha , Yao Xue , Wang Chun-yang , Song Yunhao , Bi Yan-ming , Wang Jin-Xiu , Li Yang , Shi Ta-la , Mi Wei , Chen Caiyun , Hu Zhi-Yong TITLE=A cohort study of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the risk of hyperlipidaemia in adults JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition VOLUME=11 YEAR=2025 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1492621 DOI=10.3389/fnut.2024.1492621 ISSN=2296-861X ABSTRACT=Objective

This study aims to investigate the potential association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the risk of hyperlipidemia in adults through a prospective cohort study conducted in Zhejiang Province.

Methods

Baseline surveys and follow-up studies were conducted to collect and analyze follow-up data over a three-year period. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL, insufficiency as 20–29 ng/mL, and sufficiency as 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL. Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia was defined as the presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, or both. The relationship between demographic characteristics and the incidence of hyperlipidemia among the study participants was explored.

Results

A total of 1,210 participants were included in this study, with 43.80% being male. The mean age of the participants was 51.84 ± 14.37 years, and the average serum 25(OH)D level was 25.89 (21.50, 29.82) ng/mL. A significant difference in the proportion of vitamin D deficiency was observed between males and females (22.06% vs. 10.94%, p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were prevalent among the middle-aged and elderly population (78.24%). Significant differences were found between the two groups in multiple sociodemographic variables, behavioral factors, and metabolic risk factors (p < 0.05). The incidence of hyperlipidemia among vitamin D-deficient individuals was 1.612 times higher than that among vitamin D-sufficient individuals (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.228–2.116; p < 0.001). After fully adjusting for confounding factors, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was 1.572 (95% CI: 1.187–2.08; p = 0.002), indicating a difference in the incidence of hyperlipidemia across different serum vitamin D levels.

Conclusion

This cohort study reveals a significant association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the incidence of hyperlipidemia. Additionally, lifestyle factors associated with vitamin D deficiency are also correlated with the incidence of hyperlipidemia. These findings provide further evidence for improving blood lipid profiles through adjustments in vitamin D intake or related lifestyle modifications.