AUTHOR=Kahleova Hana , Znayenko-Miller Tatiana , Motoa Giulianna , Eng Emma , Prevost Alex , Uribarri Jaime , Holubkov Richard , Barnard Neal D. 

TITLE=Dietary advanced glycation end-products and their associations with body weight on a Mediterranean diet and low-fat vegan diet: a randomized, cross-over trial

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1426642

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2024.1426642

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evidence suggests that changes in dietary advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) may influence body weight, but the effects of different dietary patterns remain to be explored.</p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a Mediterranean and a low-fat vegan diet on dietary AGEs and test their association with body weight.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>In this randomized cross-over trial, 62 overweight adults were assigned to a Mediterranean or a low-fat vegan diet for 16-week periods in random order, separated by a 4-week washout. Body weight was the primary outcome. Three-day diet records were analyzed using the Nutrition Data System for Research software and dietary AGEs were estimated, using an established database. Statistical approaches appropriate for crossover trials were implemented.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Dietary AGEs decreased by 73%, that is, by 9,413 kilounits AGE/day (95% −10,869 to −7,957); <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001, compared with no change on the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect −10,303 kilounits AGE/day [95% CI −13,090 to −7,516]; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). The participants lost 6.0 kg on average on the vegan diet, compared with no change on the Mediterranean diet (treatment effect −6.0 kg [95% CI −7.5 to −4.5]; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Changes in dietary AGEs correlated with changes in body weight (<italic>r</italic> = +0.47; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) and remained significant after adjustment for total energy intake (<italic>r</italic> = +0.39; <italic>p</italic> = 0.003).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Dietary AGEs did not change on the Mediterranean diet but decreased on a low-fat vegan diet, and this decrease was associated with changes in body weight, independent of energy intake.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical trial registration</title><p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://clinicaltrials.gov/</ext-link>, identifier NCT03698955</p></sec>