AUTHOR=Iriani Anggraini , Rachman Andhika , Fatina Marsya Kaila , Gemilang Rizka Kurnia , Trisnandi Andi , Muskananfola Fiona Valerie , Nugraha Media Fitri Isma 

TITLE=Vitamin D status, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 profiles in children

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=11

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2024.1394367

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Introduction</title><p>Vitamin D plays a major role in the musculoskeletal and immune system. Understanding the comprehensive mechanism of vitamin D receptors and the enzyme of vitamin D induction (CYP2R1) and inhibition (CYP24A1) in its metabolism is interesting. This study aims to understand vitamin D metabolism in Indonesian pediatrics, specifically in Jakarta, which has abundant sun exposure.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methodology</title><p>A cross-sectional study with comparative, correlative, and multivariate analysis on vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, CYP2R1, and CYP24A1 levels was conducted on 46 children with no known morbidity.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Result</title><p>Subjects were mostly male (52.2%), age group of 2–6 years (34.8%), and had sufficient vitamin D status (43.5%, median 27.55 ng/mL). Age was found to have a negative correlation with vitamin D levels (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001; <italic>r</italic> = −0.625) and CYP2R1 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.035; <italic>r</italic> = −0.311). Significant positive associations were found between CYP24A1 and CYP2R1 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.046; <italic>r</italic> = 0.296). Participants aged 0–2 are more likely to have a higher level of vitamin D status compared to those aged &gt;2 years (OR 42.092, 95% CI [4.532–390.914], <italic>p</italic> = 0.001). VDR levels were significantly lower in insufficient vitamin D levels than in the sufficient group (<italic>p</italic> = 0.018). VDR and vitamin D status had a positive relation (OR 7.023, 95% CI [1.864–26.453], <italic>p</italic> = 0.004).</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Vitamin D levels decrease with the increase in age. Vitamin D receptor level has an inline-level progression with vitamin D level. CYP2R1 and CYP24A1 suggest a directly proportional relationship. Vitamin D screening and supplementation in children older than 2 years old are suggested.</p></sec>