AUTHOR=Yoo Miyoung , Lee Hyun Jeong , Lee Kwang-Won , Seo Dongwon 

TITLE=Analysis of Vaccenic and Elaidic acid in foods using a silver ion cartridge applied to GC × GC-TOFMS

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1320550

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1320550

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p><italic>Trans</italic> fatty acids (TFAs) are unsaturated fatty acids, with vaccenic acid (VA) and elaidic acid (EA) being the major constituents. While VA has been associated with beneficial effects on health and anti-cancer properties, EA is found in hardened vegetable oils and is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel method for the quantitative measurement of VA and EA, aiming to accurately analyze individual TFA and apply it for the assessment of products containing TFAs.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>The ratio of VA to EA (V/E ratio) was evaluated using a silver ion cartridge (<italic>SIC</italic>) solid phase extraction method removing <italic>cis</italic>-fatty acids (<italic>cis</italic>-FAs). Additionally, comparative analysis of the V/E ratio was conducted by the two methods (<italic>SIC</italic> treatment and untreated) using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS).</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>The removal efficiency of <italic>cis</italic>-FAs was greater than 97.8%. However, the total TFA contents were not so different from <italic>SIC</italic> treatment. Moreover, this approach not only allowed for a more precise determination of the V/E ratio but also revealed a significant distinction between natural <italic>trans</italic> fatty acids (N-TFAs) and hydrogenated <italic>trans</italic> fatty acids (H-TFAs).</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Therefore, the <italic>SIC</italic> coupled to the GC × GC-TOFMS presented in this study could be applied to discriminate N-TFA and H-TFA contents in dairy and fatty foods.</p></sec>