AUTHOR=Liu Xiangliang , Chang Yu , Li Yuguang , Zhang Xinwei , Li Fangqi , Song Jia , Shi Hanping , Chen Xiao , Cui Jiuwei 

TITLE=Prospective cohort study of broccoli consumption frequency and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1286658

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1286658

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="sec1"><title>Background</title><p>Broccoli is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants with broad health benefits, but its intake frequency and dose–response relationship with mortality risk remain unclear.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>Using data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006, 12,486 adults were included. Broccoli intake frequency was evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks were followed up. The relationship between broccoli intake and mortality risk was analyzed using Cox models.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Results</title><p>Compared with never consumption of broccoli, different frequencies of broccoli consumption were associated with significantly decreased risks of all-cause mortality (<italic>p</italic> for trend &lt;0.001). Consuming broccoli 1–2 times per week was associated with a 32–43% lower mortality risk. More frequent broccoli consumption was negatively correlated with cardiovascular and cancer mortality risks (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05). Consuming broccoli 1–2 times per week for males and ≥ 3 times per week for females could significantly reduce all-cause mortality risk.</p></sec><sec id="sec4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Moderate and frequent consumption of broccoli may reduce the risks of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Optimal intake frequencies may differ by gender.</p></sec>