AUTHOR=Mancini Annamaria , Cerulli Claudia , Vitucci Daniela , Lasorsa Vito Alessandro , Parente Daniela , Di Credico Andrea , Orrù Stefania , Brustio Paolo Riccardo , Lupo Corrado , Rainoldi Alberto , Schena Federico , Capasso Mario , Buono Pasqualina 

TITLE=Impact of active lifestyle on the primary school children saliva microbiota composition

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<p>The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of Active or Sedentary lifestyle on saliva microbiota composition in Italian schoolchildren.</p><sec id="sec1"><title>Methods</title><p>Male (114) and female children (8–10 years) belonging to five primary schools in the neighborhoods of Turin were classified as active (A) or sedentary (S) based on PAQ-C-It questionnaire. PCR amplification of salivary DNA targeted the hypervariable V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA bacterial genes. DADA2 workflow was used to infer the Amplicon Sequence Variants and the taxonomic assignments; the beta-diversity was obtained by PCoA with the UniFrac method; LEfSe algorithm, threshold at 5%, and Log LDA cutoff at ±0.5 were used to identify differently abundant species in A compared to S saliva sample. Daily food intake was assessed by 3-Days food record. The metabolic potential of microbial communities was assessed by PICRUSt.</p></sec><sec id="sec2"><title>Results</title><p>No significant differences were found in individual’s gender distribution (<italic>p</italic> = 0.411), anthropometry, BMI (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05), and all diet composition between A and S groups (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05). Eight species were differently abundant: <italic>Prevotella nigrescens</italic> (LDA score = −3.76; FDR = 1.5×10–03), <italic>Collinsella aerofaciens</italic> (LDA score = −3.17; FDR = 7.45×10–03), <italic>Simonsiella muelleri</italic> (LDA score = −2.96; FDR = 2.76×10–05), <italic>Parabacteroides merdae</italic> (LDA score = −2.43; FDR = 1.3×10–02) are enriched in the A group; <italic>Gemella parahaemolysans</italic>, <italic>Prevotella aurantiaca</italic> (LDA score = −3.9; FDR = 5.27×10–04), <italic>Prevotella pallens</italic> (LDA score = 4.23; FDR = 1.93×10–02), <italic>Neisseria mucosa</italic> (LDA score = 4.43; FDR = 1.31×10–02; LDA score = 2.94; FDR = 7.45×10–03) are enriched in the S group. A prevalence of superpathway of fatty acid biosynthesis initiation (<italic>E. coli</italic>) and catechol degradation II (meta-cleavage pathway) was found in saliva from A compared to S children.</p></sec><sec id="sec3"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our results showed that active children had an enrichment of species and genera mainly associated with a healthier profile. By contrast, the genera and the species enriched in the sedentary group could be linked to human diseases.</p></sec>