AUTHOR=Chen Weiming , Ao Yang , Lan Xiaochun , Tong Wenzhou , Liu Xiaohui , Zhang Xia , Ye Qiang , Li Yin , Liu Linfen , Ye Hao , Zhuang Pan , Zhang Yu , Zheng Weifang , Jiao Jingjing 

TITLE=Associations of specific dietary unsaturated fatty acids with risk of overweight/obesity: population-based cohort study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1150709

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1150709

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>The role of specific unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) in the development of overweight/obesity remains unclear in the general population. Here, we aimed to explore the associations of different types of unsaturated FAs with overweight/obesity risk among the Chinese population.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Eight thousand seven hundred forty-two subjects free of overweight/obesity at entry in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were followed up until 2015. Dietary unsaturated FAs were assessed by 3-day 24-h recalls with a weighing method in each wave. Cox regression models were used to obtain the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overweight/obesity risk associated with unsaturated FAs.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>During a median follow-up of 7 years, 2,753 subjects (1,350 males and 1,403 females) developed overweight/obesity. Consuming more monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) was associated with a lower risk of overweight/obesity (highest vs. lowest quartile: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.96; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.010). Similar inverse associations were observed for plant-MUFAs (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.003) and animal-MUFAs (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.94; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.004), total dietary oleic acid (OA) (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55–0.79; <italic>P</italic>-trend &lt;0.001), plant-OA (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 0.73, 95% CI: 0.64–0.83; <italic>P</italic>-trend &lt;0.001) and animal-OA (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55–0.84; <italic>P</italic>-trend &lt;0.001). In addition, the intakes of n-3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09–1.42; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.017) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 1.22, 95% CI: 1.07–1.39; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.039) but not marine n-3 PUFAs were positively linked to overweight/obesity risk. Consumption of n-6 PUFAs (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99–1.28; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.014) and linoleic acid (LA) (HR<sub>Q4vsQ1</sub> 1.11, 95% CI: 0.98–1.26; <italic>P</italic>-trend = 0.020) had marginal and positive relationships with the incidence of overweight/obesity. N-6/n-3 PUFA ratio ranging from 5.7 to 12.6 was related to higher risk of overweight/obesity.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Higher dietary intake of MUFAs was associated with lower overweight/obesity risk, which was mainly driven by dietary OA from either plant or animal sources. Intakes of ALA, n-6 PUFAs and LA were related to higher risk of overweight/obesity. These results support consuming more MUFAs for maintaining a healthy body weight among the Chinese population.</p></sec>