AUTHOR=Wang Si-Yu , Cai Lei , Yang Na , Xu Fang-Fang , Wu Yun-Shan , Liu Bo 

TITLE=Chemical composition of the Kaempferia galanga L. essential oil and its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1080487

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1080487

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Oxidative stress is closely related to the development of many diseases. Essential oils (EOs) show potent antioxidant activity from natural sources. <italic>Kaempferia galanga L</italic>. is an important medicine rich in high-value essential oil (KGEO). However, the antioxidant activity of KGEO remains to be fully studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Chemical composition of KGEO was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays and reducing power assay <italic>in vitro</italic>. A zebrafish model was used to evaluate the protective effect of KGEO against H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage <italic>in vivo</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The major components of KGEO were found to be <italic>trans</italic> ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (32.01%), n-pentadecane (29.14%) and <italic>trans</italic> ethyl cinnamate (19.50%). <italic>In vitro</italic> pharmacological results showed that KGEO had good free radical scavenging capacity in DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays (IC<sub>50</sub> values: 19.77 ± 1.28, 1.41 ± 0.01, and 3.09 ± 0.34 mg/mL, respectively) and weak reducing capacity in the reducing power assay (EC<sub>50</sub> value: 389.38 ± 4.07 mg/mL). <italic>In vivo</italic> zebrafish experiments results indicated that the survival rate and heart rate increased, and ROS generation, cell death, and lipid peroxidation were attenuated after KGEO treatment. In addition, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increases in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were observed in the KGEO-treated groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>This study validated the <italic>in vitro</italic> and <italic>in vivo</italic> antioxidant activities of KGEO, which provides a theoretical basis for a profound study of KGEO and its application in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.</p></sec>