AUTHOR=Zhang Lei , Zhu Mingwen , Liu Xiangqun , Zhao Zhijun , Han Ping , Lv Luxian , Yang Chun , Han Yong 

TITLE=Calorie-restricted diet mitigates weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in obese women with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1038070

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1038070

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Obesity is a prevalent health problem in patients with schizophrenia, and calorie restriction diet (CRD) achieved effective weight loss and metabolic improvement; however, these have not been rigorously evaluated in obese patients with schizophrenia.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To measure the effects of CRD on weight loss and metabolic status in hospitalized obese women with schizophrenia during a 4-week period.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Participants were randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group (<italic>n</italic> = 47) was asked to follow a CRD and the control group (<italic>n</italic> = 48) a normal diet for 4 weeks. Outcomes of body weight, body composition, as well as metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and following the intervention period.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Forty-five participants completed the 4-week research in both the intervention and control groups. Compared to the normal diet, adherence to the CRD significantly decreased body weight (2.38 ± 1.30 kg), body mass index (0.94 ± 0.52 kg/m<sup>2</sup>), waist circumference (4.34 ± 2.75 cm), hip circumference (3.37 ± 2.36 cm), mid-upper circumferences, triceps skin-fold thickness, fat mass and free fat mass with large effect sizes (<italic>p</italic> = &lt;0.001, <italic>ηp</italic><sup>2</sup> range between 0.145 and 0.571), as well as total cholesterol (0.69 ± 0.70 mmol/L) with a medium effect size (<italic>p</italic> = 0.028, <italic>ηp</italic><sup>2</sup> = 0.054). There were no differences between the CRD and control groups in terms of pre-post changes in triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.05).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>CRD is preventative of weight gain, but not apparent in intervention for metabolic status in hospitalized obese women with schizophrenia.</p><p><bold>Clinical trial registration</bold>: <ext-link xlink:href="http://www.chictr.org.cn" ext-link-type="uri" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">http://www.chictr.org.cn</ext-link>, ChiCTR-INR-16009185.</p></sec>