AUTHOR=Llop Talaveron Josep M. , Suárez-Lledó Grande Ana , Leiva Badosa Elisabet , Bas Minguet Jordi , Climent Martí Joan , Poyatos Cantón Elisabet , Badia Tahull María B. 

TITLE=Inflammatory processes involved in the alteration of liver function biomarkers in adult hospitalized patients treated with parenteral nutrition

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=10

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1034481

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2023.1034481

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Liver damage has been associated with the accumulation of phytosterols (PS) in patients treated with parenteral nutrition (PN). We aimed to study the association of inflammatory markers with liver function biomarker (LFB) alterations in patients treated with PN containing PS.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Prospective observational study. Simple linear and stepwise multiple linear regression tests and interactions were performed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Nineteen patients were included. In the multivariable model, determinations based on LFBs as dependent and phytosterols (and their fractions) as independent variables showed an association between increases in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and lanosterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), stigmasterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), interleukin-10 (IL-10) × total phytosterols (Phyt) (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.009), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) × Phyt (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.002), IL-10 × sitosterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.002), TNF-α × sitosterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), IL-10 × campesterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.033), IL-10 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.006 and <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.015), TNF-α (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.048 and <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.027). Increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were associated with Phyt (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.006), lanosterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.016), C-reactive protein (CRP) × campesterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) × stigmasterol (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.030), CRP (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.08), and IL-6 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.042). Alkaline phosphatase (AP) increases were associated with CRP (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.002).</p></sec><sec><title>Discussion</title><p>Inflammation in the presence of plasmatic PS seems to have a synergistic effect in impairing liver function, mainly altering GGT but also ALT.</p></sec>