AUTHOR=Bartova Simona , Madrid-Gambin Francisco , Fernández Luis , Carayol Jerome , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Segrestin Bérénice , Delage Pauline , Vionnet Nathalie , Boizot Alexia , Laville Martine , Vidal Hubert , Marco Santiago , Hager Jörg , Moco Sofia TITLE=Grape polyphenols decrease circulating branched chain amino acids in overfed adults JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.998044 DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.998044 ISSN=2296-861X ABSTRACT=Introduction and aims

Dietary polyphenols have long been associated with health benefits, including the prevention of obesity and related chronic diseases. Overfeeding was shown to rapidly induce weight gain and fat mass, associated with mild insulin resistance in humans, and thus represents a suitable model of the metabolic complications resulting from obesity. We studied the effects of a polyphenol-rich grape extract supplementation on the plasma metabolome during an overfeeding intervention in adults, in two randomized parallel controlled clinical trials.

Methods

Blood plasma samples from 40 normal weight to overweight male adults, submitted to a 31-day overfeeding (additional 50% of energy requirement by a high calorie-high fructose diet), given either 2 g/day grape polyphenol extract or a placebo at 0, 15, 21, and 31 days were analyzed (Lyon study). Samples from a similarly designed trial on females (20 subjects) were collected in parallel (Lausanne study). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was conducted to characterize metabolome changes induced by overfeeding and associated effects from polyphenol supplementation. The clinical trials are registered under the numbers NCT02145780 and NCT02225457 at ClinicalTrials.gov.

Results

Changes in plasma levels of many metabolic markers, including branched chain amino acids (BCAA), ketone bodies and glucose in both placebo as well as upon polyphenol intervention were identified in the Lyon study. Polyphenol supplementation counterbalanced levels of BCAA found to be induced by overfeeding. These results were further corroborated in the Lausanne female study.

Conclusion

Administration of grape polyphenol-rich extract over 1 month period was associated with a protective metabolic effect against overfeeding in adults.