AUTHOR=Khosravinia Darya , Shiraseb Farideh , Mirzababaei Atieh , Daneshzad Elnaz , Jamili Shahin , Clark Cain C. T. , Mirzaei Khadijeh 

TITLE=The association of Carbohydrate Quality Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors among women with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.987190

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.987190

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Diet is one of the most important factors influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The negative relationship between carbohydrate intake with lipid profiles and body weight has been previously investigated. However, this is the first study seeking to assess the association of carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with CVD risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 291 Iranian overweight and obese women, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25 and 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, and aged 18–48 years. CQI scores were calculated by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods, and bioelectrical impedance was used to measure body composition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>We observed that fruits (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.001), vegetables (<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.001), and protein (<italic>P</italic> = 0.002) intake were higher in participants with a higher score of the CQI. When we adjusted for potential confounders, we observed that the CQI was negatively related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = −6.10; 95% CI = −10.11, −2.10; <italic>P</italic> = 0.003) and DBP (β = −3.11; 95% CI = −6.15, −0.08; <italic>P</italic> = 0.04). Also, greater adherence to a high CQI dietary pattern, compared to the reference group, was negatively related to HOMA-IR (β = −0.53; 95% CI = −0.94, −0.12) (P for trend = 0.01), WC (β = −3.18; 95% CI = −6.26, −0.10) (<italic>P</italic> for trend = 0.04), BMI (β = −1.21; 95% CI = −2.50, 0.07) (<italic>P</italic> for trend = 0.06), and BF (β = −2.06; 95% CI = −3.82, −0.30) (<italic>P</italic> for trend = 0.02).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>In line with previous studies, the CQI was inversely associated with blood pressure, WC, BMI, and BF. Further prospective and clinical trial studies are suggested to confirm these data.</p></sec>