AUTHOR=Traversi Deborah , Scaioli Giacomo , Rabbone Ivana , Carletto Giulia , Ferro Arianna , Franchitti Elena , Carrera Deborah , Savastio Silvia , Cadario Francesco , Siliquini Roberta , Cerutti Franco , Durazzo Marilena 

TITLE=Gut microbiota, behavior, and nutrition after type 1 diabetes diagnosis: A longitudinal study for supporting data in the metabolic control

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.968068

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.968068

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) risk involves genetic susceptibility but also epigenetics, environment, and behaviors. Appropriate metabolic control, especially quickly after the diagnosis, is crucial for the patient quality of life.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This study aimed to produce a quantitative comparison of the behavior, nutrition habits, and gut microbiota composition between the onset and the 1-year follow-up in 35 children with T1D.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>At follow-up, with the metabolic control, many parameters improved significantly, with respect to the onset, such as glycated hemoglobin (−19%), body mass index (BMI), and also nutritional behaviors, such as normal calorie intake (+6%), carbohydrate intake (−12%), extra portion request (−4%), and meals distribution during the day. Moreover, glycated hemoglobin decrement correlated with both total and rapid absorption carbohydrate intake (Spearman's rho = 0.288, 95% CI 0.066–0.510, <italic>p</italic> = 0.013), showing as the nutritional behavior supported the insulin therapy efficiency. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of microbiota revealed abundance differences for <italic>Ruminococcus bromii</italic> and <italic>Prevotella copri</italic> (higher at onset, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) and the genera <italic>Succinivibrio</italic> and <italic>Faecalibacterium</italic> (lower at onset, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), as a consequence of nutritional behavior, but it was not the only changing driver. The qRT-PCR analysis showed significant variations, in particular for Bacteroidetes and <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> spp. (+1.56 log gene copies/g stool at follow-up, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). During the year, in 11% of the patients, severe clinical episodes occurred (hypoglycemic or ketoacidosis). The likelihood of a severe hypoglycemic episode was modulated when the <italic>Methanobrevibacter smithii</italic> amount increased (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.2–11.4, <italic>p</italic> = 0.026). Integrated evaluation, including nutritional behavior and microbiota composition, could be considered predictive of the metabolic control management for children cohort with a recent diagnosis of T1D.</p></sec>