AUTHOR=Mehmood Arshad , Li Jiayi , Rehman Ashfaq Ur , Kobun Rovina , Llah Inam U , Khan Imran , Althobaiti Fayez , Albogami Sarah , Usman Muhammad , Alharthi Fahad , Soliman Mohamed Mohamed , Yaqoob Sanabil , Awan Kanza Aziz , Zhao Liang , Zhao Lei 

TITLE=Xanthine oxidase inhibitory study of eight structurally diverse phenolic compounds

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.966557

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.966557

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<p>This project was designed to explore the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory mechanism of eight structurally diverse phenolic compounds [quercetin: C1, quercetin-3-rhamnoside: C2, 4, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid: C3, 3, 5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid: C4, 3, 4-O-di-caffeoylquinic acid: C5, 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (C6), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid: C7, and caffeic acid: C8]. For this purpose, <italic>in-vitro</italic> and different computational methods were applied to determine the xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory potential of eight structurally diverse phenolic compounds. The results revealed that phenolic compounds (C1–C8) possess strong to weak XO inhibitory activity. These results were further confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and <sup>1</sup>H NMR analysis. Furthermore, computational study results revealed that phenolic compounds (C1–C8) bind with the surrounding amino acids of XO at the molybdenum (MO) site. These <italic>in-vitro</italic> and <italic>in-silico</italic> results divulge that phenolic compounds have a strong potential to lower uric acid levels <italic>via</italic> interacting with the XO enzyme and can be used to combat hyperuricemia.</p>