AUTHOR=Xu Xiang , Zhang Gao , Peng Kun , Gao Yanping , Wang Jinxia , Gao Caiping , He Chong , Lu Fang TITLE=Carnosol Maintains Intestinal Barrier Function and Mucosal Immune Homeostasis in DSS-Induced Colitis JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition VOLUME=9 YEAR=2022 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.894307 DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.894307 ISSN=2296-861X ABSTRACT=
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by recurrent flares of mucosal inflammation, which is limited in the colon and rectum. Compromised epithelial barrier functions have been indicated in the initiation of UC. Carnosol (CA), a natural active ortho-diphenol diterpene compound, is one of the active ingredients in plants such as rosemary and sage. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of CA have been reported in several animal models, but its effect on mucosal inflammation remains elusive. We established a mouse experimental colitis model characterized by epithelial barrier destruction using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). CA was intraperitoneally administrated. Flow cytometry was performed to determine phenotypes of intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria cells. qRT-PCR was used for gene expression. ER stress in the colon was determined by immunofluorescence staining and qRT-PCR. Thapsigargin was used to induce ER stress in HCT-116 cells