The benefits of fish fatty acid intake for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are rarely reported, although a previous study assessed the relationship between oily fish consumption and the prevalence of NAFLD.
We investigated whether oily fish and fish-based monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids affect the development of NAFLD in South Korean adults.
In this large-scale cohort study, 44,139 participants of the Health Examinees study were selected for analysis after 5 years of follow-up. NAFLD is diagnosed with a non-invasive index, the fatty liver index. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, body mass index, total energy intake, education, physical activity, smoking status, and drinking (alcohol) status, we calculated the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
For men, NAFLD had no statistically significant associations with quartiles of total oily fish or its fatty acid intake. However, among women, an inverse association was observed (all
Oily fish and its fatty acid intake showed a preventative benefit for NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease, especially in South Korean women.