AUTHOR=Stein Sara F. , Riley Hurley O. , Kaciroti Niko , Rosenblum Katherine L. , Sturza Julie M. , Gearhardt Ashley N. , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew C. , Lumeng Julie C. , Miller Alison L. 

TITLE=Infant Distress in a Food Delay Task Changes With Development and Predicts Amount Consumed

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.786022

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.786022

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Objective</title><p>Eating behavior regulation emerges during early development and involves general self-regulation (emotional, behavioral), appetite regulation (homeostatic metabolic need) and appetite self-regulation (including both Bottom-Up Food Approach and Bottom-Up Food Avoidance and top-down purposeful self-control of eating). Limited research has investigated developmental trajectories of the regulation of eating behavior before the preschool years. The current study used a novel food delay task to assess infant distress as an early emerging marker of eating behavior regulation constructs across early infancy and examine associations with amount of milk consumed.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>Mother-infant dyads (<italic>n</italic> = 179) completed the Ability to Delay Gratification for Food in Infants Task (ATDG-FIT) at 2 weeks, 8 weeks, and 16 weeks of age. The ATDG-FIT required infants to wait before being fed while their bottle was present, but not accessible (3-min Pre-Feeding Delay). After this, the infant was fed for 1 min, then the feeding was paused for 30 s (Mid-Feeding Delay). Infant distress was coded during each feeding delay period and the amount of milk consumed was measured.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The mean proportion of distress during the Pre-Feeding Delay period decreased from 8 to 16 weeks of age (<italic>F</italic>(2,230) = 15.02, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), whereas the mean proportion of distress during the Mid-Feeding Delay increased from 2 to 8 weeks of age (<italic>F</italic>(2,230) = 27.04, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). There was a positive interaction between distress during Mid-Feeding Delay and infant age predicting the amount consumed in the protocol (ß = 0.30, <italic>p</italic> = 0.022), suggesting that the association between distress during this part of the task and amount consumed strengthens as infants get older.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The ATDG-FIT may be an effective method to assess emerging eating behavior regulation constructs during early infancy.</p></sec>