AUTHOR=Jang Hwan-Hee , Noh Hwayoung , Kim Gichang , Cho Su-Yeon , Kim Hyeon-Jeong , Choe Jeong-Sook , Kim Jeongseon , Scalbert Augustin , Gunter Marc J. , Kwon Oran , Kim Hyesook 

TITLE=Differences in dietary patterns related to metabolic health by gut microbial enterotypes of Korean adults

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=9

YEAR=2023

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2022.1045397

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2022.1045397

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<p>Diet has a profound impact on the progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS) into various diseases. The gut microbiota could modulate the effect of diet on metabolic health. We examined whether dietary patterns related to MetS differed according to gut microbial enterotypes among 348 Korean adults aged 18–60 years recruited between 2018∼2021 in a cross-sectional study. The enterotype of each participant was identified based on 16S rRNA gut microbiota data. The main dietary pattern predicting MetS (MetS-DP) of each enterotype was derived using reduced-rank regression (RRR) models. In the RRR models, 27 food group intakes assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and MetS prediction markers including triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL) ratio and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were used as predictor and response variables, respectively. The MetS-DP extracted in <italic>Bacteroides</italic> enterotype (B-type) was characterized by high consumption of refined white rice and low consumption of eggs, vegetables, and mushrooms. The MetS-DP derived among <italic>Prevotella</italic> enterotype (P-type) was characterized by a high intake of sugary food and low intakes of bread, fermented legumes, and fermented vegetables. The MetS-DP of B-type was positively associated with metabolic unhealthy status (OR<sub><italic>T</italic>3 <italic>vs</italic>. <italic>T</italic>1</sub> = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.5–8.2), comparing the highest tertile to the lowest tertile. Although it was not significantly associated with overall metabolic unhealthy status, the MetS-DP of P-type was positively associated with hyperglycemia risk (OR<sub><italic>T</italic>3 <italic>vs</italic>. <italic>T</italic>1</sub> = 6.2; 95% CI = 1.6–24.3). These results suggest that MetS-DP may differ according to the gut microbial enterotype of each individual. If such associations are found to be causal, personalized nutrition guidelines based on the enterotypes could be recommended to prevent MetS.</p>