AUTHOR=Hou Gaifeng , Peng Wei , Wei Liangkai , Li Rui , Yuan Yong , Huang Xingguo , Yin Yulong 

TITLE=Lactobacillus delbrueckii Interfere With Bile Acid Enterohepatic Circulation to Regulate Cholesterol Metabolism of Growing–Finishing Pigs via Its Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nutrition

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2020

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2020.617676

DOI=10.3389/fnut.2020.617676

ISSN=2296-861X

ABSTRACT=<p>Microbiota-targeted therapies for hypercholesterolemia get more and more attention and are recognized as an effective strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. The experiment was conducted to investigate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of <italic>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</italic> in a pig model. Twelve barrows (38.70 ± 5.33 kg) were randomly allocated to two groups and fed corn–soybean meal diets with either 0% (Con) or 0.1% <italic>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</italic> (Con + LD) for 28 days. <italic>L. delbrueckii–</italic>fed pigs had lower serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), total bile acids (TBAs), and triglyceride, but higher fecal TC and TBA excretion. <italic>L. delbrueckii</italic> treatment increased ileal <italic>Lactobacillus</italic> abundance and bile acid (BA) deconjugation and affected serum and hepatic BA composition. Dietary <italic>L. delbrueckii</italic> downregulated the gene expression of ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (<italic>ASBT</italic>) and ileal bile acid binding protein (<italic>IBABP</italic>), and hepatic farnesoid X receptor (<italic>FXR</italic>), fibroblast growth factor (<italic>FGF19</italic>), and small heterodimer partner (<italic>SHP</italic>), but upregulated hepatic high-density lipoprotein receptor (<italic>HDLR</italic>), low-density lipoprotein receptor (<italic>LDLR</italic>), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (<italic>SREBP-2</italic>), and cholesterol-7α hydroxylase (<italic>CYP7A1</italic>) expression. Our results provided <italic>in vivo</italic> evidence that <italic>L. delbrueckii</italic> promote ileal BA deconjugation with subsequent fecal TC and TBA extraction by modifying ileal microbiota composition and induce hepatic BA neosynthesis via regulating gut–liver FXR–FGF19 axis.</p>