AUTHOR=de Ruiter Ruben Daniel , Botman Esmée , Teunissen Bernd P. , Lammertsma Adriaan Anthonius , Boellaard Ronald , Raijmakers Pieter G. , Schwarte Lothar A. , Nieuwenhuijzen Jakko A. , Gonzalez Trotter Dinko , Eekhoff Elisabeth Marelise W. , Yaqub Maqsood 

TITLE=Performance of simplified methods for quantification of [18F]NaF uptake in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nuclear Medicine

VOLUME=4

YEAR=2024

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nuclear-medicine/articles/10.3389/fnume.2024.1406947

DOI=10.3389/fnume.2024.1406947

ISSN=2673-8880

ABSTRACT=<sec><title>Background</title><p>Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (FOP) is a rare, genetic disease in which heterotopic bone is formed in muscles, tendons and ligaments throughout the body. Disease progression is variable over time and between individuals. <sup>18</sup>F-fluoride uptake in newly formed bone can be evaluated using [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF (i.e., sodiumfluoride) PET/CT, identifying active areas of bone formation in FOP. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of various semi-quantitative methods with full kinetic analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Seven patients (age range: 20–31 years) with FOP underwent dynamic [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF scans at baseline and after one year. [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF uptake was measured in aorta descendens, vertebrae, heterotopic bone lesions and metabolically active regions on PET, and quantified using nonlinear regression (NLR) analysis together with standardized uptake value (SUV) and target-to-blood ratio (TBR). SUV was on measured the 40–45 min frame of the dynamic sequence (SUV<sup>40–45</sup>) and on the subsequent static sweep (SUV<sup>Static</sup>). Correlations between and SUV<sup>40–45</sup> and NLR-derived <italic>K<sub>i</sub></italic> were comparable when normalized to body weight (<italic>r</italic> = 0.81, 95% CI 0.64–0.90), lean body mass (<italic>r</italic> = 0.79, 95% CI 0.61–0.89) and body surface area (<italic>r</italic> = 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–0.92). Correlation between TBR<sup>40–45</sup> and NLR-derived <italic>K<sub>i</sub></italic> (<italic>r</italic> = 0.92, 95% CI 0.85–0.96) was higher than for SUV<sup>40–45</sup>. Correlation between TBR<sup>40–45</sup> and NLR-derived <italic>K<sub>i</sub></italic> was similar at baseline and after one year (<italic>r</italic> = 0.93 and 0.94). The change in TBR<sup>40–45</sup> between baseline measurement and after one year correlated best with the change in NLR-derived <italic>K<sub>i</sub></italic> in the PET-active lesions (<italic>r</italic> = 0.87).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The present data supports the use of TBR for assessing fluoride uptake in PET-active lesions in FOP.</p></sec><sec><title>Clinical trial registration</title><p>Sub-study of the Lumina-1 trial (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">clinicaltrials.gov</ext-link>, NCT03188666, registered 13-06-2017).</p></sec>