Henri Pasquesoone1*†
Aurélien Callaud1
Thibaut Carsuzaa1Thomas Chalopin2
Maria-Joao Santiago-Ribeiro1,3
- 1Nuclear Medicine Department, CHRU TOURS, Tours, France
- 2Hematology Department, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
- 3UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
TEMPI syndrome (TEMPI) compounds telangiectasias and polycythemia with elevated erythropoietin levels, monoclonal gammopathy, perirenal fluid collections, and intrapulmonary shunt. Although the pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclarified, prior research has been established that it is a plasma cell neoplasm, often containing less than 10% bone marrow plasma cells. 18F-FDG PET serves as a valuable instrument for initial staging and treatment monitoring in multiple myeloma management. Thus, 18F-FDG PET can be legitimately applied for TEMPI assessment. Here, we present the first 18F-FDG PET images for the initial evaluation and treatment monitoring of TEMPI in a 51-year-old woman, who exhibited polycythemia (EPO:5,448 mIU/ml) without JAK2 mutation, telangiectasias, monoclonal IgG lambda gammopathy (13.9) g/L and 7% dysmorphic plasma cells (CD38 + CD138+), occasionally clustered, in favor of tumoral plasmacytomas. The first PET scan exhibited hypermetabolic diffuse bone marrow, potentially related to polycythemia, accompanied by non-lytic bone hypermetabolic lesions in the femoral and humeral diaphysis, and ametabolic peri-renal fluid collections, brown fat, and pleural talcoma. Post-treatment 18F-FDG PET (Daratumumab Bortezomib Thalidomide Dexamethasone) revealed a completely reduced signal of bone lesions, suggesting a complete response, which was substantiated both clinically and biologically, with the concurrent disappearance of telangiectasia and the monoclonal component, and the normalization of the EPO level. In future, additional data will be required to confirm the added value of 18F-FDG PET with TEMPI. Nevertheless, 18F-FDG PET can be a preferred tool for the extension workup and therapeutic evaluation of TEMPI syndrome.
Introduction
We’re discussing here a TEMPI syndrome case, which is a condition characterised by a syndrome compound by telangiectasias and polycythemia with elevated erythropoietin levels, monoclonal gammopathy, perirenal fluid collections, and intrapulmonary shunt (1–4). Although the pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclarified, prior research has been established that it is a plasma cell neoplasm, often containing less than 10% bone marrow plasma cells. 18F-FDG PET serves as a valuable instrument for initial staging and treatment monitoring in multiple myeloma management. Thus, 18F-FDG PET can be legitimately applied for TEMPI assessment.
Case report (including patient information and clinical findings, diagnostic, therapeutic follow-up, and outcomes)
Here, we present the first 18F-FDG PET images for the initial evaluation and treatment monitoring of TEMPI in a 51-year-old woman, with history of splenic artery thrombosis in 2017, leading to the discovery of JAK2-negative polycythemia, with monoclonal IgG lambda gammopathy (13.9 g/L), low bone marrow plasmacytosis (5%), and telangiectasias leading to the diagnosis of TEMPI syndrome with 3 major criteria and one minor criteria (2). No exploration for shunt were performed at this time, and pluri-disciplinary decision was made for surveillance with anticoagulant therapy only. In October 2021, the patient presented fever spikes and suspected pneumopathy leading to hospitalization, with persistent telangiectasias and a preserved general condition. She exhibited polycythemia (EPO:5,448 mUI/ml) and a plasmacytosis at 7% with 0.23% of dysmorphic plasma cells (CD38 + CD138 +), occasionally clustered, in favor of tumoral plasma cells (5). A first 18F-FDG PET scan was performed for infectious etiological assessment, and it exhibited hypermetabolic diffuse bone marrow, potentially related to polycythemia, accompanied by non-lytic bone hypermetabolic lesions in the femoral and humeral diaphysis, ametabolic peri-renal fluid collections, brown fat, and pleural talcoma (Figure 1: maximal intensity projection (MIP) (A), sagittal PET (B), fusion (C), and CT (D)). These lesions were similar to lesions associated to bone marrow hyperplasia (6), lymphomas, myelomas, POEMS syndrome (7) or other hematologic malignancy (8), but through the overall clinical presentation, its character direcly related to TEMPI was retained. Thus, considering anemia and hypermetabolic foci, pluridisciplinary decision was made to initiate a treatment with 6 cycles of Daratumumab (1,800 mg), Bortezomib (2.25 mg), Thalidomide (100 mg) and Dexamethasone (40 mg) (9–11) (D-VTD treatment). It was started in November 2021, for 6 cycle each 3 weeks, and stopped in August 2022, without any severe side effect, adverse or unanticipated events.
Figure 1. First PET scan with maximal intensity projection (MIP) (A), sagittal PET (B), fusion (C), and CT (D). Final post treatment PET scan with MIP (H), sagittal PET (E), fusion (F), and CT (G), showing completely reduced signal of bone lesions, and almost complete peri-renal collection response.
In September 2022, a post-treatment 18F-FDG PET was performed to evaluate metabolic lesions response to treatment. showed a completely reduced signal of bone lesions, suggesting a complete response (Figure 1: MIP (H), sagittal PET (E), fusion (F), and CT (G)), which was substantiated both clinically and biologically, with the concurrent disappearance of telangiectasia and the monoclonal component, and the normalization of the EPO level (12). Peri-renal collection had an almost complete response with only a thin strip of left perirenal non hypermetabolic effusion remaining.
Discussion and patient perspective
Chronology of markers and SUVmax evolution during treatment is summarized in Figure 2. There is a need for additional data, that will be required to confirm the potential added value of 18F-FDG PET with TEMPI. Nevertheless, 18F-FDG PET can be a preferred tool for the extension workup and therapeutic evaluation of TEMPI syndrome. The patient was reassured by the hypermetabolic lesion's disappearance on 18F-FDG PET scan, with a reported added value for her, compared with only clinical and biological assessment.
Figure 2. Timeline.
Data availability statement
The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.
Ethics statement
Ethical approval was not required for the study involving humans in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements. Written informed consent to participate in this study was not required from the participants or the participants’ legal guardians/next of kin in accordance with the national legislation and the institutional requirements. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.
Author contributions
HP: Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. AC: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. TBC: Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. TC: Data curation, Writing – review & editing. MS-R: Writing – review & editing.
Funding
The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
The author MS-R declared that he was an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision.
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References
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Keywords: TEMPI, 18F-FDG, PET, multifocal hypermetabolic bone lesions, case report
Citation: Pasquesoone H, Callaud A, Carsuzaa T, Chalopin T and Santiago-Ribeiro M-J (2023) First use of 18F-FDG PET in TEMPI syndrome: can it be used for treatment assessment? A case report. Front. Nucl. Med. 3:1273967. doi: 10.3389/fnume.2023.1273967
Received: 7 August 2023; Accepted: 3 October 2023;
Published: 26 October 2023.
Edited by:
Ismaheel Lawal, Emory University, United StatesReviewed by:
Stuart More, University of Cape Town, South AfricaIffat Jamal, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
© 2023 Pasquesoone, Callaud, Carsuzaa, Chalopin and Santiago-Ribeiro. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Henri Pasquesoone aGVucmkucGFzcXVlc29vbmVAZ21haWwuY29t
†ORCID Henri Pasquesoone orcid.org/0009-0001-4892-6692