AUTHOR=Copeland-Johnson Trishelle M. , Murray Daniel J. , Cao Guoping , He Lingfeng 

TITLE=Assessing the interfacial corrosion mechanism of Inconel 617 in chloride molten salt corrosion using multi-modal advanced characterization techniques

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Nuclear Engineering

VOLUME=1

YEAR=2022

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nuclear-engineering/articles/10.3389/fnuen.2022.1049693

DOI=10.3389/fnuen.2022.1049693

ISSN=2813-3412

ABSTRACT=<p>The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has committed to expanding the domestic clean energy portfolio in response to the rising challenges of energy security in the wake of climate change. Accordingly, the construction of a series of Generation IV reactor technologies are being demonstrated, including sodium-cooled, small modular, and molten chloride fast reactors (MCFRs). To date, there are no fully qualified structural materials for constructing MCFRs. A number of commercial structural alloys have been considered for the construction of MCFRs, including alloys from the Inconel and Hastelloy series. Informed qualification of structural materials for the construction of MCFRs in the future can only be ensured by expanding the current fundamental knowledgebase of information pertaining to material performance under environmental stressors relevant to operation of the reactor, including corrosion susceptibility. The purpose of this investigation is to illustrate how a correlative multi-modal electron microscopy characterization approach, including the novel application of focused-ion beam 3D reconstruction capabilities, can elucidate the corrosion mechanism of a candidate structural material Inconel 617 for MCFR in NaCl-MgCl<sub>2</sub> eutectic salt at 700°C for 1,000 h. Evidence of intergranular corrosion, Ni and Fe dealloying, and Cr-O enrichment along the grain boundary, which most likely corresponds to Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, is a phenomenon that has been documented in other Ni-based superalloys exposed to chloride molten salt systems. Additional corrosion products, including the formation of insoluble MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, within the porous network produced by the salt attack is a novel observation. In addition, Mo<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>5</sub> and τ<sub>2</sub> precipitates are detected in the alloy bulk and are dissolved by the salt. Furthermore, the lack of detection of design γ′ precipitates in Inconel 617 after 1,000 h could indicate that the molten salt corrosion mechanism has indirectly induced a phase transformation of Al<sub>2</sub>TiNi (τ<sub>2</sub>) and Ni<sub>3</sub>(Al,Ti) (γ’) phase. This investigation provides a comprehensive understanding of molten salt corrosion mechanisms in a complex material system such as a commercial structural alloy for applications in MCFRs.</p>